Bioengineered scaffolds
satisfying both the physiological and anatomical
considerations could potentially repair partially damaged tissues
to whole organs. Although three-dimensional (3D) printing has become
a popular approach in making 3D topographic scaffolds, electrospinning
stands out from all other techniques for fabricating extracellular
matrix mimicking fibrous scaffolds. However, its complex charge-influenced
jet–field interactions and the associated random motion were
hardly overcome for almost a century, thus preventing it from being
a viable technique for 3D topographic scaffold construction. Herein,
we constructed, for the first time, geometrically challenging 3D fibrous
scaffolds using biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone), mimicking
human-organ-scale face, female breast, nipple, and vascular graft,
with exceptional shape memory and free-standing features by a novel
field self-searching process of autopilot polymer jet, essentially
resembling the silkworm-like cocoon spinning. With a simple electrospinning
setup and innovative writing strategies supported by simulation, we
successfully overcame the intricate jet–field interactions
while preserving high-fidelity template topographies, via excellent target recognition, with pattern features ranging from
100’s μm to 10’s cm. A 3D cell culture study ensured
the anatomical compatibility of the so-made 3D scaffolds. Our approach
brings the century-old electrospinning to the new list of viable 3D
scaffold constructing techniques, which goes beyond applications in
tissue engineering.