“…However, the overall complication rate was higher with nonabsorbable mesh (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI 1.24 -1.71; p < 0.01). [9] Doubts about the expediency of routine use of implants in the surgical treatment of PEH are reinforced by reports of complications associated with them: shrinkage, mesh migration [24,107,34], infection (abscesses, fistulas) [33,67], cardiac tamponade, erosion of the aorta [91], esophagus or stomach [75,2], esophageal stenosis [121], severe dysphagia, and fibrotic reaction that may complicate new esophageal surgery [122]. A recent survey of surgeons showed that 21 % and 25 % of respondents diagnosed mesh erosion and esophageal stenosis, respectively [57].…”