Meshed DC microgrid hierarchical control: A differential flatness approach

Zafeiratou, Igyso; Prodan, Ionela; Lefèvre, Laurent; Praly, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106133

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the parameter choice of droop controller may cause DC bus voltage fluctuation and mismatch in current sharing. To resolve these issues of droop control, the hierarchical control with a low-bandwidth communication link can be adopted [18]- [21]. Since DC microgrid observes a huge number of energy storage devices, such as batteries, supercapacitors, it is important to design the controller considering the state of charge (SOC) of these devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

338

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In recent years, due to the wide utilization of direct current (DC) power sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cells, different DC loads, high-level integration of different energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, DC microgrids have been gaining more importance. Furthermore, unlike conventional AC systems, DC microgrids do not have issues such as synchronization, harmonics, reactive power control, and frequency control. However, the incorporation of different distributed generators, such as PV, wind, fuel cell, loads, and energy storage devices in the common DC bus complicates the control of DC bus voltage as well as the power-sharing. In order to ensure the secure and safe operation of DC microgrids, different control techniques, such as centralized, decentralized, distributed, multilevel, and hierarchical control, are presented. The optimal planning of DC microgrids has an impact on operation and control algorithms; thus, coordination among them is required. A detailed review of the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids is missing in the existing literature. Thus, this article documents developments in the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids covered in research in the past 15 years. DC microgrid planning, operation, and control challenges and opportunities are discussed. Different planning, control, and operation methods are well documented with their advantages and disadvantages to provide an excellent foundation for industry personnel and researchers. Power-sharing and energy management operation, control, and planning issues are summarized for both grid-connected and islanded DC microgrids. Also, key research areas in DC microgrid planning, operation, and control are identified to adopt cuttingedge technologies. This review explicitly helps readers understand existing developments on DC microgrid planning, operation, and control as well as identify the need for additional research in order to further contribute to the topic. INDEX TERMS DC microgrids, renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, DC bus voltage, power management, state of charge, microgrid operation, and planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

338

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“…It also presents limitations in the electrical capacity [83,87]. A ring DC MG control architecture was used to manage load balancing and power distribution in [88][89][90].…”

Section: Ring Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Microgrids Configurations and Topologies

Candelo-Becerra

Santos

2022

Sustainability

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Microgrids have been proposed as a solution to the growing deterioration of traditional electrical power systems and the energy transition towards renewable sources. One of the most important aspects of the efficient operation of a microgrid is its topology, that is, how the components are connected. Some papers have studied microgrid topologies; however, these studies do not perform an exhaustive analysis of the types of topologies, their applications, characteristics, or technical advantages and disadvantages. The contribution of this paper is the integration of the most important functional properties of microgrid topologies in terms of reliability, efficiency, structure, costs, and control methods. The study analyzes 21 topologies divided into six classifications with their respective sub-classifications. The analysis was based on the characteristics of the current (AC or DC), the control mechanisms, the transition between the operating modes, and the operating costs. As a result of the evaluation, it was evidenced that SST-based completely isolated coupled AC topologies, completely isolated two-stage AC decoupled, and multiple microgrids show the best performances. In contrast, the use of two-stage and three-stage partially isolated AC decoupled topologies is not recommended because of their high operating cost and low efficiency and reliability.

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“…In the domain of MGs, differential flatness has been employed either for cost or power loss minimization [77]. In [78], the authors use differential flatness to find the optimal power flow solution for cost minimization through the regulation of the energy storage system. In general, by taking into account the complete dynamics of the power system, differential flatness is a method used for day-ahead analysis providing off-line optimal profiles in continuous-time for nonlinear dynamical systems.…”

Section: Tertiary Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Research in Microgrids Control

Vasilakis

Zafeiratou

Lagos

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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Microgrids (MGs), as novel paradigms of active Distribution Networks, have been gaining increasing interest by the research community in the last 20 years. Currently, they are considered as key components in power system decentralization, providing viable solutions for rural electrification, enhancing resilience and supporting local energy communities. Their main characteristic is the coordinated control of the interconnected distributed energy resources (DER), which can be realized by various methods, ranging from decentralized communicationfree approaches to centralized ones, where decisions are taken at a central point. This paper provides an overview of this development focusing on the technical control solutions proposed by reseachers for the various levels of MG organization hierarchy. A critical assessment of selected, popular technologies is provided and open research questions regarding the trend to more decentralized power systems are discussed.

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Meshed DC microgrid hierarchical control: A differential flatness approach

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Comprehensive Analysis of Microgrids Configurations and Topologies

The Evolution of Research in Microgrids Control

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