Meso-Structured HPW-MAS-7 and HPW-MAS-9 Composite Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Unrefined Green Seed Canola Oil

Abstract

H3PW12O40-MAS-7 and H3PW12O40-MAS-9 composite catalysts exhibiting different structural orderings were assembled from zeolite beta and ZSM-5 precursors by a one-pot template-assisted self-assembly mechanism. Characterization results suggest that H3PW12O40 was encapsulated into the mesoporous framework of the aluminosilicates without alteration of mesoporosity of the composites. The sequential introduction of H3PW12O40 during the synthesis of MAS-7 and MAS-9 affected the surface morphologies. The textural characteristics of the composites were improved owing to the introduction of HPW after the addition of an inorganic precursor to the template leading to a material with a high BET surface area. As novel heterogeneous solid acid catalysts, the activity of the composites was determined for the biodiesel synthesis from the unrefined green seed canola oil, giving 95.4 ± 1.4 wt % methyl ester in 10 h at 180 °C with 5.5 wt % of catalyst and a 15.5:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. The recyclability of the composites is evaluated through four consecutive reactions.

Solid Acid Resin Amberlyst 45 as a Catalyst for the Transesterification of Vegetable Oil

“…In these cases, Amberlyst 45 disperses well in the biphasic reaction mixture and mass transfer shall not limit the reaction, as previously observed for Amberlyst 15 (Boz et al, 2015). For acid-catalyzed transesterification, commonly, high alcohol loadings are needed (Boz et al, 2015;Alves et al, 2018;Cabrera-Munguia et al, 2018;Bernardes Costa et al, 2019;Kurhade et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2019;Syazwani et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Andrade et al, 2020), and under this condition, Amberlyst 45 appears to be a more adequate catalyst for ethanolysis than methanolysis (Figure 4). This can represent great advantages in countries with a large production of bioethanol, such as the USA and Brazil, which happen to be also the largest producers of biodiesel (Biofuel.org.uk, 2010;Gallo et al, 2014).…”

One‐Pot Synthesis of Propyl‐Sulfonic Phosphotungstic Dual‐Acid Functionalized Mesoporous Silica in Non‐Hydrochloric Acid Solution: Reusable Catalyst for Efficient Biodiesel Production

“…Oleic acid esterification with methanol is the most promising way to produce biodiesel [3] because of oleic acid accounts for 40 %–83 % in various vegetable oils such as jatropha, peanut, sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, and palm. Due to the advantage of easy separation and reusability over traditional homogenous catalysts (H 2 SO 4 & NaOH), many kinds of heterogeneous catalysts [4] have been applied to produce biodiesel such as acid‐modified molecular sieve, [5] heteropolyacids, [6] ion exchange resins, [7] zeolites, etc.. Among them, acid‐modified SBA‐15 with uniform pore‐size distribution, large BET area and excellent hydrothermal stability seem to be especially interesting [8] .…”

Advances in nano-catalysts based biodiesel production from non-food feedstocks

“…This advantage has resulted in the recent development of a wide range of solid acid catalysts to obtain biodiesel from various feedstocks. They include zeolites (Jeon et al, 2019;Osatiashtiani et al, 2017), clays (Bálsamo et al, 2019), metal oxides and mixed metal oxides (Pandit and Fulekar, 2019;Prabu et al, 2019), supported acids (Vieira et al, 2017;Aziz et al, 2017), sulphated metal oxides in particular sulphated zirconium oxide (H ≥ -14.52) (Shi et al, 2017;Elimbinzi et al, 2018;Rabee et al, 2017) and sulphated titanium oxide (H ≤-14.52) (Gardy et al, 2016(Gardy et al, , 2017, heteropoly compounds (Kurhade et al, 2019), sulfonated carbon based materials including carbon nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; biochar; amorphous carbon; graphene oxide; sugar; and waste (Guan et al, 2017;Tran et al, 2016;Baig et al, 2016;Tan et al, 2019;Bora et al, 2018;Rahimzadeh et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2019) and cation exchange resin (Zhang 2016;Fu et al, 2016).…”