Mesoamerican Domestication and Diffusion

Casas, Alejandro; Barbera, Giuseppe

doi:10.1525/california/9780520231573.003.0009

Cited by 68 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Estudios arqueológicos realizados en la zona (MacNeish, 1967) identifi caron que desde la prehistoria los pueblos de la región han usado de forma excepcionalmente importante las cactáceas columnares, debido a su abundancia y diversidad, y a que la mayor parte de las especies de este grupo de plantas producen frutos comestibles (Casas y Barbera, 2002). En la actualidad, las cactáceas columnares son de los elementos más importantes desde el punto de vista ecológico, cultural y económico en la región (Casas y Barbera, 2002). Una de las especies de cactáceas columnares primeramente estudiadas, en el marco de la domesticación, ha sido Stenocereus stellatus, comúnmente conocida como "xoconochtli".…”

unclassified

Consecuencias de la domesticación de Stenocereus stellatus en el tamaño de las semillas y en la germinación en un gradiente de estrés hídrico

Rodríguez-Morales¹,

Guillén²,

Casas

2013

Bot. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumen: Stenocereus stellatus es una cactácea columnar de importancia ecológica y cultural en el Valle de Tehuacán; sus frutos se colectan en poblaciones silvestres, pero también existe manejo silvícola y cultivo de plantas de esta especie en sistemas agroforestales. Investigaciones previas documentaron divergencias morfofi siológicas y genéticas entre poblaciones silvestres y manejadas, ocasionadas por selección artifi cial y limitaciones al fl ujo génico entre poblaciones. En esto último podrían infl uir diferencias en patrones de germinación y establecimiento de semillas en plántulas silvestres y cultivadas en bosques y ambientes manejados. Se probó la hipótesis de que la selección artifi cial por frutos grandes favorece un mayor tamaño de las semillas en plantas cultivadas, las cuales presentarían mayor tasa de germinación en condiciones de alta humedad, pero serían más susceptibles a estrés hídrico que las semillas de plantas silvestres. Se evaluó el peso de frutos y semillas y su tasa de germinación en un gradiente de humedad (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 y -1.0 Megapascales) en poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas. Los frutos cultivados y sus semillas fueron signifi cativamente más pesados (54.616 ± 1.547 g, 0.190 ± 0.017 g, respectivamente) que los frutos y semillas silvestres (37.023 ± 1.122 g, 0.15 3± 0.005 g, respectivamente). Los análisis de devianza mostraron diferencias signifi cativas en el inicio (X 2 = 1,639.0, gl = 4; X 2 = 236.31, gl = 1, respectivamente) y la velocidad de germinación (X 2 = 20.91, gl = 4), asociadas al tipo de manejo y al potencial hídrico (las semillas cultivadas fueron más susceptibles al estrés que las silvestres). La selección artifi cial que favorece frutos grandes parece haber infl uido indirectamente en el incremento de tamaño de las semillas, y las condiciones ambientales de los sitios manejados podrían haber infl uido en una mayor susceptibilidad a estrés hídrico. Palabras clave: cactáceas columnares, domesticación, estrés hídrico, manejo tradicional, tamaño de semillas. Abstract:Stenocereus stellatus is a columnar cactus species of cultural and ecological importance in the TehuacánValley; their fruits are collected from wild populations but plants of this species are also silviculturally managed and cultivated in agroforestry systems. Previous studies documented morpho-physiological and genetic divergences between wild and managed populations caused by artifi cial selection and limitations to gene fl ow; nevertheless, the documented divergences could also be infl uenced by differences in germination and survivorship patterns of wild and cultivated seedlings in forests and managed environments. We hypothesized that artifi cial selection in favor of larger fruits may in turn favor larger seeds in cultivated plants that also could have higher germination rates in high humidity conditions, but more susceptible to water stress than seeds from wild plants. We evaluated fruit and seed weight and germination rates in a water stress gradient (0.0, in wild and cultivated popul...

show abstract

unclassified

Consecuencias de la domesticación de Stenocereus stellatus en el tamaño de las semillas y en la germinación en un gradiente de estrés hídrico

Rodríguez-Morales¹,

Guillén²,

Casas

2013

Bot. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to numerous xeromorphic adaptations most species are confined to arid habitats of subtropical and tropical natural belts. Mexico is a centre of the genus' diversity (Mahr, 2001;Rebman & Pinkava, 2001;Casas & Barbera, 2002;Majure & Ervin, 2008). Some Opuntia species are able to withstand temperatures below freezing during the winter period (Loik & Nobel, 1993;Nobel & Bobich, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of Opuntia humifusa and O. phaeacantha (Cactaceae) into plant communities of the Karadag Nature Reserve

Fateryga¹,

Багрикова²

2017

Nat. Cons. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The results of a study of Opuntia humifusa and O. phaeacantha naturalised in the Karadag Nature Reserve (southeastern part of the Crimean Peninsula) are presented. There, the largest coenopopulations of Opuntia plants are confined to the «biostation» territory (bordering with the park, administrative buildings and housing estate). Twelve localities were described in the Karadag Reserve. These differ by phytocoenotic characteristics, area and floristic composition. Seven localities include only O. humifusa plants; four ones include only O. phaeacantha individuals; and both the species are present on the twelfth locality. The total number of individuals of each species and ontogenetic structure of the population were studied in each locality. The total number of O. humifusa individuals in the Karadag Reserve is more than 600 plants within the «biostation» territory, while the total number of O. phaeacantha plants is about 400 individuals. Studying of the plant communities has been carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Opuntia plants form derivate communities within degraded steppes, phryganoid-steppes, and semi-desert badland phytocoenoses almost at all studied localities. A significant number of synanthropic species (including alien plants) was found within these communities. Opuntia plants are able to self-reproduce predominantly vegetatively. Self-seeding reproduction occurs less frequently. Both species can be considered as invasive plants because they have a high adaptive capacity.

show abstract

“…In Mexico, where species of Opuntia have been cultivated for at least 14,000 years (Casas and Barbera, 2002), they represent an iconic national figure, as illustrated on the country's flag. The Aztecs and other Mesoamerican civilizations used the cactus pads as a vegetable or fodder and the prickly pear as a seasonal sweet (prickly pear) or acid fruit (xoconostle).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Samah

Valadez-Moctezuma

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Molecular methods are powerful tools in characterizing and determining relationships between plants. The aim of this study was to study genetic divergence between 103 accessions of Mexican Opuntia. To accomplish this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of three chloroplast intergenic spacers (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), one chloroplast gene (ycf1), two nuclear genes (ppc and PhyC), and one mitochondrial gene (cox3) was conducted. The amplified products from all the samples had very similar molecular sizes, and there were only very small differences between the undigested PCR amplicons for all regions, with the exception of ppc. We obtained 5850 bp from the seven regions, and 136 fragments were detected with eight enzymes, 37 of which (27.2%) were polymorphic. We found that 40% of the fragments from the chloroplast regions were polymorphic, 9.8% of the bands detected in the nuclear genes were polymorphic, and 20% of the bands in the mitochondrial locus were polymorphic. trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH were the most variable regions. The Nei and Li/Dice distance was very short, and ranged from 0 to 0.12; indeed, 77 of the 103 genotypes had the same genetic profile. All the xoconostle accessions (acidic fruits) were grouped together without being separated from three genotypes of prickly pear (sweet fruits). We assume that the genetic divergence between prickly pears and xoconostles is very low, and question the number of Opuntia species currently considered in Mexico.

show abstract

Mesoamerican Domestication and Diffusion

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Consecuencias de la domesticación de Stenocereus stellatus en el tamaño de las semillas y en la germinación en un gradiente de estrés hídrico

Consecuencias de la domesticación de Stenocereus stellatus en el tamaño de las semillas y en la germinación en un gradiente de estrés hídrico

Invasion of Opuntia humifusa and O. phaeacantha (Cactaceae) into plant communities of the Karadag Nature Reserve

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About