Mesograzers prefer mostly native seaweeds over the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum

Abstract

Introduced algae form globally an increasing problem. Grazing on invaders could provide communities with resistance to algal invasions. In this study, we experimentally tested the food choice of mesoherbivores for native macroalgae versus the invader Sargassum muticum. We performed food choice experiments with common grazers (Gammarus insensibilis, Hydrobia ulvae and Stenosoma nadejda) and both the brown algal invader Sargassum muticum and its native macroalgal competitors, from both the south (Cystoseira humilis, Stypocaulon scoparium, Cladostephus spongiosus, Dictyota dichotoma, Dictyopteris polypodioides, Sargassum vulgare) and southwest (Cystoseira humilis) coast of Portugal. We tested whether (i) the invader affects the growth rates of native macro algae, and (ii) the grazers have a food preference for S. muticum compared to native macroalgae. The presence of S. muticum did not affect the growth rates of any of the native species. Grazers affected the growth rate of all seaweeds, but S. muticum had the highest growth rates with and without grazers. For the south coast set of species, Stypocaulon scoparium was the most and S. muticum was the least or among the least preferred by grazers. The grazers from the southwest coast did not show a specific preference for C. humilis or S. muticum. Contrary to our expectations the food choice of mesoherbivores may provide S. muticum with some competitive advantage on the Portuguese south coast, but this may not be applicable to the Southwest communities.

A non-native macroalga is less attractive for herbivores but more susceptible to light limitation and grazing stress than a comparable native species

“…The latter suggests that non-native plants experience less herbivory, because they (a) left their coevolved consumers behind and (b) herbivores in the recipient environment fail to recognize them as a food source. The suggestion that non-native species are less attractive for herbivores than native species has been tested for mesoand macrograzer consumption of marine macroalgae in several laboratory experiments [54][55][56]. Although the outcomes were in the most cases ambiguous, the studies showed that grazers frequently prefer native over nonnative algal species-what was again confirmed by the results of this study.…”

Water-Borne Cues of a Non-Indigenous Seaweed Mediate Grazer-Deterrent Responses in Native Seaweeds, but Not Vice Versa

“…data AE Engelen) and northern study site [33], respectively. Moreover, growth rates are similar in both seaweed species, along with palatability to the isopod S. nadeja [34]. Second, both species may use constitutive defences, although fast growing plants are predicted to invest less in constitutive defences than slower-growing plants [22].…”

Anti‐epiphyte defences in the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla: non‐native algae are better defended than their native conspecifics

“…; Forslund, Wikström & Pavia ; Engelen et al . ; Hammann et al . ), while little is known about the interactions between non‐native basibionts and resident epibionts (Strong, Maggs & Johnson ; Baer & Stengel ).…”