Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: A microdialysis study

Martel, Patricia; Fantino, Marc

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(95)00187-5

Cited by 196 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, no correlation can be demonstrated between basal DA output and VAB acquisition, as both long-term stress exposure and lithium treatment significantly reduce basal DA output in mesolimbic areas (Gambarana et al, 1999a, b;Mangiavacchi et al, 2001), but only lithium-treated rats maintain the competence to acquire VAB (Masi et al, 2000). However, satiated rats fed a palatable food show an increased DA release in the NAcS (Martel and Fantino, 1996;Ghiglieri et al, 1997) and in the mPFC, although rapid habituation to this effect selectively develops in the NAcS Di Chiara, 1997, 1999a). Thus, we hypothesized that the acute dopaminergic response to VS consumption in the NAcS and/or mPFC could be predictive of the capacity of satiated rats to learn VAB, and ALCAR treatment seemed to be a useful tool for testing this hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Acetyl-L-Carnitine Administration in Rats—II: Protection Against the Disrupting Effect of Stress on the Acquisition of Appetitive Behavior

Masi

Leggio

Nanni

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) administration prevents the development of escape deficit produced by acute exposure to unavoidable stress. However, it does not revert the escape deficit sustained by chronic stress exposure. Rats exposed to chronic stress show a low dopamine (DA) output in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) and do not acquire an appetitive behavior sustained by the earning of vanilla sugar (VS) made contingent on the choice of one of the two divergent arms of a Y-maze (VS-sustained appetitive behavior, VAB), while control rats consistently do. The present study shows that ALCAR treatment in rats exposed to a 7-day stress protocol prevented a decrease in DA output in the NAcS and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats, and that it strengthened the DA response to VS consummation in the same two areas. Moreover, rats treated with long-term ALCAR or exposed to chronic stress while treated with ALCAR acquired VAB as efficiently as control rats. Moreover, VAB acquisition in stressed rats treated with ALCAR coincided with the reversal of the deficits in escape and in dopaminergic transmission in the NAcS. Thus, repeated ALCAR treatment preserved the DA response to VS in chronically stressed rats and this effect appeared to be predictive of the rat's competence to acquire VAB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Acetyl-L-Carnitine Administration in Rats—II: Protection Against the Disrupting Effect of Stress on the Acquisition of Appetitive Behavior

Masi

Leggio

Nanni

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…(b) Food and obesity DA regulates food consumption not only through modulation of its rewarding properties (Martel & Fantino 1996) but also by facilitating conditioning to food stimuli that then drive the motivation to consume the food (Kiyatkin & Gratton 1994;Mark et al 1994). One of the first descriptions of a conditioned response was by Pavlov who showed that when dogs were exposed to repeated pairing of a tone with a piece of meat the tone by itself would elicit salivation in these animals.…”

Section: Memory Conditioning and Habits To Drugs And Food (A) Drug Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology

Volkow

Wang

Fowler

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

723

546

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Drugs and food exert their reinforcing effects in part by increasing dopamine (DA) in limbic regions, which has generated interest in understanding how drug abuse/addiction relates to obesity. Here, we integrate findings from positron emission tomography imaging studies on DA's role in drug abuse/addiction and in obesity and propose a common model for these two conditions. Both in abuse/addiction and in obesity, there is an enhanced value of one type of reinforcer (drugs and food, respectively) at the expense of other reinforcers, which is a consequence of conditioned learning and resetting of reward thresholds secondary to repeated stimulation by drugs (abuse/addiction) and by large quantities of palatable food (obesity) in vulnerable individuals (i.e. genetic factors). In this model, during exposure to the reinforcer or to conditioned cues, the expected reward (processed by memory circuits) overactivates the reward and motivation circuits while inhibiting the cognitive control circuit, resulting in an inability to inhibit the drive to consume the drug or food despite attempts to do so. These neuronal circuits, which are modulated by DA, interact with one another so that disruption in one circuit can be buffered by another, which highlights the need of multiprong approaches in the treatment of addiction and obesity.

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“…Some have focused on biological underpinnings of food cravings and have explored the possibility that cravings represent a learned appetite for energy that develops, for example, through the reinforcing effects of eating particular foods when hungry. 11,12 Neurological explanations for reinforcement include responses to eating mediated by the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and neostriatum 13,14 or altered endogenous opioid peptide synthesis and release, which have been proposed to induce food cravings by increasing perceptions of palatability. 15 However, other studies have suggested that food cues and sensory stimulation increase food cravings and intake whether in a hungry or satiated state, 16,17 indicating a role for post-ingestive conditioning independent of any metabolic need for food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food cravings and energy regulation: the characteristics of craved foods and their relationship with eating behaviors and weight change during 6 months of dietary energy restriction

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine characteristics of craved foods in relation to dietary energy restriction (ER) with high (HG) and low glycemic load (LG) diets. Design: Assessments of food cravings before and during a randomized controlled trial of HG and LG diets provided for 6 months. Subjects: Thirty-two healthy, overweight women aged 20-42 years. Measurements: Self-reported food cravings and dietary intake, body weight, weight history and measures of eating behaviors. Results: Foods craved at baseline were more than twice as high in energy density as the habitual diet (3.771.5 vs 1.770.3 kcal/ g; Po0.001), and on average were lower in protein (Po0.001) and fiber (Po0.001) and higher in fat (P ¼ 0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in nutritional characteristics of craved foods after 6 months of ER. There was a significant relationship between reported portion size of craved food consumed at baseline and lifetime high body mass index (r ¼ 0.49, P ¼ 0.005). Additionally, there was a significant association between susceptibility to hunger and craving frequency at baseline, and there were significant relationships between hunger score, craving frequency, strength and percentage of time that cravings are given in to after 6 months of ER. In multiple regression models, subjects who lost a greater percentage of weight craved higher energy-dense foods at month 6 of ER, but also reported giving in to food cravings less frequently (adjusted R 2 ¼ 0.31, P ¼ 0.009). Conclusion: High energy density and fat content, and low protein and fiber contents were identifying characteristics of craved foods. The relationships between craving variables and hunger score suggest that the relative influence of hunger susceptibility on cravings may be important before and especially after ER. Portion size of craved foods and frequency of giving in to food cravings appear to be important areas for focus in lifestyle modification programs for long-term weight loss.

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Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: A microdialysis study

Cited by 196 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of Long-Term Acetyl-L-Carnitine Administration in Rats—II: Protection Against the Disrupting Effect of Stress on the Acquisition of Appetitive Behavior

Effects of Long-Term Acetyl-L-Carnitine Administration in Rats—II: Protection Against the Disrupting Effect of Stress on the Acquisition of Appetitive Behavior

Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology

Food cravings and energy regulation: the characteristics of craved foods and their relationship with eating behaviors and weight change during 6 months of dietary energy restriction

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