The flux tube model of hybrid mesons is studied in the context of the relativistic equation in the adiabatic approximation. The moment of inertia of the rigid-rod flux tube is considered in the kinetic part of the interaction. The nonrelativistic and relativistic one scalar bead flux tube is integrated numerically and compared with the adiabatic flux tube small oscillation approximation. The relativistic scalar bead picture suggests that the lowest gluonic excitation of a massive gluon is color octet qq pair while the conventional mesons are color singlet as usual. We estimate the lowest hybrid charmonium states as 1 1 P = 4.17 ± 0.03 and 1 1 D = 4.39±0.05 GeV with color octet qq pair and as 1 1 P = 3.78± 0.05 and 1 1 D = 4.04 ± 0.09 GeV with color singlet qq pair. These results are also confirmed by the adiabatic flux tube small oscillation approximation when the hybrid energy gap is adjusted phenomenologically to M Hc = M ground + 1GeV.
I IntroductionRecently, the flux tube model has received much attention as a unifying concept for quark spectroscopy, hybrid states and glueballs. Hybrids are formed by combining a gluonic excitation with quarks and they span complete flavor nonets to include the lightest J P C exotics. Isgur and Paton [1-5] treated the combined quark and flux tube system using an adiabatic approach where the flux tube and quark degree of freedom are separated. This is accomplished by fixing the qq separation at r and determining an eigenenergy E Λ (r) of the flux tube. The ground and first excited flux tube potential surfaces E 0 (r) and E 1 (r), which are the lowest orbital excitations about the qq axis, lead to the conventional and lightest hybrid meson states, respectively. By using a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo technique Barnes et al. [6] have concluded that the adiabatic approximation is reasonable although it overestimates the excited L conventional meson states but underestimate the hybrid meson states. However, almost all of the corrections may be incorporated into a redefinition of the potential surfaces to include the moment of inertia of the string [3]. Olsson and coworkers [7][8][9][10][11][12] have formulated a quantized relativistic rigid-rod flux tube model for mesons in which the flux tube terminates on fermionic quarks with arbitrary mass. In their model the string always lies in a straight line between the quarks and the quarks move freely so that both rotation and radial motion can occur. The entire system is quantized in orbital angular momentum and energy [10]. The formalism for fermionic quark confinement is unusual in that the string rigid-rod moment of inertia is introduced into the kinetic rather than the usual interaction term. This is consistent with the corrections of Merlin and Paton [3] where the string rigid-rod moment of inertia is included in the centrifugal-barrier term of the effective radial Hamiltonian. However, the rigid-rod flux tube model developed by Olsson is difficult to solve [10-13], since the quantization of the meson is reduced to a transcendental alg...