Mesoporous cerium oxide for fast degradation of aryl organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by calcination of basic cerous carbonate (as a precursor) obtained by precipitation from an aqueous solution and subsequent tested for catalytic activity.

Dual Functionality of MFI Zeolite Nanosheets as a PET Depolymerization Catalyst and a Flame Retardant in Repolymerized Polyurethane

“…The PUF polymerization recipes are listed in Table . Among the selected flame retardants, calcium carbonate stands out due to its endothermic reaction, enhancing flame retardancy by not only contributing to the char layer but also acting as a synergistic intumescent flame retardant. − Aluminum hydroxide is recognized for its synergistic flame retarding properties and its role in char layer formation, − while zeolite 4A effectively entraps CO 2 and inert n -pentane during the blowing reaction, − and zeolite 13X exhibits both smoke suppression effects and synergistic flame retarding properties when combined with intumescent flame retardants. ,, Additionally, kaolin clay, renowned for its low cost and substantial smoke suppression potential, serves as a synergistic inorganic flame retardant. − , Cerium dioxide, on the other hand, contributes not only to the char layer but also leverages its d and f orbitals to induce a cross-linking effect, further enhancing flame retardancy. − Meanwhile, Expandable graphite, a well-established intumescent flame retardant, undergoes significant expansion, swelling to approximately a hundred times its original volume between 140 and 300 °C. This expansion significantly contributes to the formation of the char layer. − …”

“…Furthermore, TCP was used as a plasticizer and a phosphorus-based flame retardant. The respective flame retardants such as calcium carbonate, − aluminum hydroxide, − zeolite 4A, − zeolite 13X, ,, kaolin, − and cerium dioxide − were then added, with their quantities adjusted based on their individual flame-retardant properties and synergistic effects. The equivalent weights of isocyanate and polyol were determined in alignment with the established literature.…”

Biomimetic Catalysts Based on Au@TiO2-MoS2-CeO2 Composites for the Production of Hydrogen by Water Splitting

“…The most intense peaks are observed at ca. 28°, 33°, 47° and 56°, and correspond to (111), ( 200), ( 220) and (311) crystal planes, respectively [34][35][36]. These peaks are characteristic of CeO2 with face-centered cubic fluorite-type structure.…”

Modulating Ce3+ Sites in Ce‐Zr Oxide Nanocatalysts through Protamine Biomineralization for Organophosphate Dephosphorylation

“…Among these oxides, cerium oxide demonstrates a capacity for increasing the rate of organophosphate dephosphorylation (OPD) [6,9,10] . Ceria can exist in dual oxidation states as Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ , enabling the ability to accommodate a high density of oxygen vacancies (Vo), which enhances the catalytic activity for OPD due to the cooperative redox property of Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ [1,6,9,11] . The addition of metal dopants to ceria has shown to improve Vo concentration and associated catalytic activity for the decomposition of OPs [1,12–15] …”