Mesoporous Mn₃O₄/C Microspheres Fabricated from MOF Template as Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

A three-dimensional (3D) metal–organic framework (MOF), namely, {[Mn4(PBA)4(H2O)6·5H2O]} n (Mn-PBA), has been successfully constructed from 5-(4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoylamino)-isophthalic acid ligand (H2PBA) and Mn­(II) ions under solvothermal condition. Structural analysis reveals that there exist 1D hexagonal channels in the 3D structure along the b-axis. Mesoporous Mn3O4/C composites were fabricated by the direct thermolysis of Mn-PBA at 500 °C under an air atmosphere. When tested as a lithium-ion battery anode material, the Mn3O4/C electrode delivers an excellent capacity of 1032 mAh g–1 at 200 mA g–1 after 500 cycles along with remarkable rate capacity, which is supposed to benefit from the unique microspheres characteristic and large accessible specific area. Owing to the good cycling stability and high capacity, the Mn3O4/C electrode can be regarded as a promising anode material for LIBs.

Bottom‐Up Fabrication of 1D Cu‐based Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Nanowires as a High‐Rate Anode towards Efficient Lithium Storage

“…[1] In particular, MOFs exhibit enormous potential as both electrode materials and electrolytes for electrochemical energy-storage systems. For instance, ZIF-67 was converted to cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 )o rc arbon nanotubes, [3] Mn-based MOF to Mn 3 O 4 /C, [4] Ni-based MOF to NiO, [5] and so on, andt hese derived products were investigated for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors as electroactive materials. For instance, ZIF-67 was converted to cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 )o rc arbon nanotubes, [3] Mn-based MOF to Mn 3 O 4 /C, [4] Ni-based MOF to NiO, [5] and so on, andt hese derived products were investigated for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors as electroactive materials.…”

“…[2] Nevertheless, their utilization in energy-related applications has been confined to use as precursors or templates for carbons and/ort ransitionmetal oxides( TMOs) and even their hybrids. For instance, ZIF-67 was converted to cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 )o rc arbon nanotubes, [3] Mn-based MOF to Mn 3 O 4 /C, [4] Ni-based MOF to NiO, [5] and so on, andt hese derived products were investigated for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors as electroactive materials.…”

Improved Capacity Retention of Metal Oxide Anodes in Li‐Ion Batteries: Increasing Intraparticle Electronic Conductivity through Na Inclusion in Mn3O4

“…In order to increase the capacity and reversibility of MnO, Mn 3 O 4 and MnO 2 , different strategies have been tried. Complex nanostructures have been synthetized that aim to decrease the metal oxide volumetric expansion during cycling and minimize the Li ion diffusion length, such as nanorods, nanoflakes, hollow spheres, microspheres, nanowires, nanosheets . Another popular strategy is to create manganese oxide/carbon composites,, mainly utilizing a very highly conductive matrix such as reduced graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes,, which both contribute to increase the interparticle electronic conductivity of the anode electrode and act as a buffer for the volumetric expansion experienced during cycling.…”

Top-down synthesis of sponge-like Mn3O4at low temperature

“…Considerable interest has been paid to synthesizing Mn 3 O 4 nanostructures, 11,12 for instance, nanoparticles, [13][14][15][16] nanorods, 17,18 nanowires or nanobers, 19,20 nanoplates, 21 superlattices 22 and hierarchical nanostructures. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Among these, hierarchical Mn 3 O 4 nanostructures take advantage of both nanometer-sized building blocks and micro-sized assemblies. Hierarchical Mn 3 O 4 nanostructures with remarkably increased surface areas are expected to display better performance in applications as rechargeable lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and active catalysts.…”