Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Nanoplatform: Therapeutic Applications and Considerations

Abstract

With advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticles have come to be regarded as carriers of therapeutic agents and have been widely studied to overcome various diseases in the biomedical field. Among these particles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been investigated as potential nanocarriers to deliver drug molecules to various target sites in the body. This review introduces the physicochemical properties of MSNs and synthesis procedures of MSN-based nanoplatforms. Moreover, we focus on updating biomedical applications of MSNs as a carrier of therapeutic or diagnostic cargo and review clinical trials using silica-nanoparticle-based systems. Herein, on the one hand, we pay attention to the pharmaceutical advantages of MSNs, including nanometer particle size, high surface area, and porous structures, thus enabling efficient delivery of high drug-loading content. On the other hand, we look through biosafety and toxicity issues associated with MSN-based platforms. Based on many reports so far, MSNs have been widely applied to construct tissue engineering platforms as well as treat various diseases, including cancer, by surface functionalization or incorporation of stimuli-responsive components. However, even with the advantageous aspects that MSNs possess, there are still considerations, such as optimizing physicochemical properties or dosage regimens, regarding use of MSNs in clinics. Progress in synthesis procedures and scale-up production as well as a thorough investigation into the biosafety of MSNs would enable design of innovative and safe MSN-based platforms in biomedical fields.

“One-Pot” Method Preparation of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica-Loaded Matrine Nanopesticide for Noninvasive Administration Control of Monochamus alternatus: The Vector Insect of Bursapherenchus xylophophilus

“…Therefore, it can effectively improve the bioavailability of plant-derived pesticides and reduce the toxicity of conventional pesticides . The improved preparation of DMSNs was related to a previous report . First, 25 mL of deionized water and 68 mg of triethanolamine were mixed in a three-neck round-bottom flask and reacted in an 80 °C oil bath for 30 min.…”

“…33 The improved preparation of DMSNs was related to a previous report. 34 First, 25 mL of deionized water and 68 mg of triethanolamine were mixed in a three-neck round-bottom flask and reacted in an 80 °C oil bath for 30 min. Then, 380 mg of cetyl dimethylammonium bromide and 170 mg of sodium salicylate were added dropwise to the flask for 1 h. Finally, 4 mL of tetraethyl silicate was added dropwise to the solution, and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. The above solution was centrifuged for 20 min to obtain the precipitate and washed several times with ethanol.…”

Nanomaterials as Theranostic Agents for Cancer Therapy

“…Silica-based NPs have distinctive properties like large pore size, high surface area, satisfactory biocompatibility and capacity for functionalization, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are paid much attention as carrier systems for drug delivery vehicles and biomolecule detection. , New strategies have been designed to design organic/inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that are covalently attached to poly­(oligo­(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) for enhanced stabilization and tumor-targeting peptide (RGD) for smart delivery with the purpose of enhancing 5-fluorouracil’s (5-FU) antitumor effectiveness to colon cancer . During the 1960s, several research teams patented the method of synthesizing monodispersed silica materials; among them, Stober et al and colleagues invented the sol–gel technique to produce various types of MSNs , The current scope of various ceramic NPs in cancer theranostics has been thoroughly examined by extensively reviewing the latest scientific literature followed by an in-depth explanation of recent clinical trials in the same area. Wang et al prepared surface-modified MSNs through an aqueous (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) silylation technique, and drug loading was performed using doxorubicin (DOX).…”

“…A separate team has developed a water-soluble photosensitizer known as chlorin e6 trisodium salt (Ce 6 ) for treating breast and glioma cancers. Attaching Ce6 to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) improved the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness and cellular absorption both in vitro and in vivo …”

“…Attaching Ce6 to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) improved the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness and cellular absorption both in vitro and in vivo. 218 3.3. Polymer-Based NPs for Theranostic Applications.…”