Mesoporous Zirconium Phosphonate Hybrid Bentonite as a Novel Efficient Catalyst for the Removal of Trace Olefins from Aromatics

Efficient Removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ from Wastewater Using Advanced Graphene Oxide-Zirconium Hybrid Composite

“…The strong absorption band at 1048 cm –1 is due to PO 3 . The appearance of a sharp band at 1010 cm –1 is attributed to the stretching vibration of P–O–Zr, providing compelling evidence for the successful formation of the zirconium phosphonate structure . Peaks at 820 and 580 cm –1 are attributed to the framework vibration of Zr–O–P and Zr–O bonds .…”

“…32 The appearance of a sharp band at 1010 cm −1 is attributed to the stretching vibration of P−O−Zr, providing compelling evidence for the successful formation of the zirconium phosphonate structure. 33 Peaks at 820 and 580 cm −1 are attributed to the framework vibration of Zr−O−P and Zr−O bonds. 34 In the FT-IR spectrum of GO-ZrATMP, bands around 3390 and 1638 cm −1 are observed to overlap and are assigned to −OH stretching bending vibration modes, respectively.…”

Optimizing temperature and introducing new process arrangements for elevating clay's longevity based on the known poisons in the separation process of trace olefins from aromatics

“…Clay treatment is simple but the particular clay used has a limited lifetime. Hydrotreating catalysts could remove olefins and have a longer service life, but hydrogenation is costly and may lead to loss of aromatics 9‐14 . Clay is known to be a highly versatile material due to its widely known applications in various industries, many of which are shown in Fig.…”

Selection of suitable bentonite and the influence of various acids on the preparation of a special clay for the removal of trace olefins from aromatics

“…In the clay-treating process, the acidic ability of the clay leads to the separation of olefins from aromatics according to the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction (Xin et al, 2018;Choudhary et al, 2020). Clay treating is commonly used for separating olefins from aromatic streams because catalytic hydrotreating is associated with considerable olefin losses only at greater temperatures and pressure conditions, thus raising operating costs (Emam, 2018;Wu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2021).…”