Mesoscale aspects of the Urban Heat Island around New York City

Gedzelman, Stanley David; Austin, S. A.; Cermak, R.; Stefano, N.; Partridge, Seth; Quesenberry, S.; Robinson, David A.

doi:10.1007/s00704-002-0724-2

Cited by 249 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Seasonal differences in UHI magnitude often result from seasonal variations in weather patterns (e.g. Gedzelman et al 2003), although the UHI in some mid-and high-latitude cities is highest in winter due to direct anthropogenic heating (e.g. Figuerola and Mazzeo 1998;Magee et al 1999).…”

Section: ∆T = T Urban -T Ruralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation

2007

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Urban heat islands are a clear, well‐documented example of an anthropogenic modification to climate that has an atmospheric, biological, and economic impact. This review shows how field‐based and modeling studies continue to help unravel the factors that are responsible for heat island development and are providing a basis for the development and application of sustainable adaptation strategies. As urban areas continue to expand, there is a heightened awareness that scientific knowledge of the urban heat island must be more effectively communicated to architects, engineers, and planners and translated into intelligent urban design. Green roof technology is a case in point. This and other technologies are being slowly adopted, and research published since 2003 suggests that the pace with which many practical applications are put into practice should accelerate.

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Section: ∆T = T Urban -T Ruralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation

2007

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“…Field measurements and modeling efforts have improved the understanding of the characteristics and various factors responsible for UHI development (Roth & Chow, 2012). UHI measurements around the world include Paris, France, where researchers found a 6.1°C maximum canopy-layer UHI intensity (Sarkar & De Ridder, 2011;Wouters et al, 2013); Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece, with a maximum intensity of 3.5-4°C (Stathopoulou et al, 2005); Beijing, China, having a UHI maximum intensity ranging from 1.2°C annually to 1.7°C for the winter (Yang et al, 2013); Phoenix, Arizona, with a maximum UHI intensity of 7.8°C (Brazel et al, 2000); 4°C for New York City (Gedzelman & Unger, 2003;Rosenthal et al, 2003); and Singapore (Chow & Roth, 2006) with a maximum UHI intensity of 7°C, which was expected to increase if the current trend of population increase continues in the future. The spatial extent of the UHI of the entire island of Singapore was investigated by the Singapore Meteorological Services (Singapore Meteorological Service, 1986), and a maximum UHI intensity of~5°C was observed at 22:00 LT during dry period, while lower intensities were observed during December and January.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution, Multilayer Modeling of Singapore's Urban Climate Incorporating Local Climate Zones

Mughal

Yin

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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We applied Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model's Multilayer Urban Canopy Model (MLUCM) to simulate the urban climate of Singapore during a hot period in April 2016. The high‐resolution local climate zone (LCZ) map was used as urban land use/land cover data in order to study the intraurban variability in different LCZ classes. The LCZ map for Singapore was developed by adopting the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) methodology based on satellite remote sensing imageries and building height data. The coupled WRF/MLUCM model was validated using meteorological data from stations across Singapore. Higher index of agreement compared to observations and lower root‐mean‐squared error of 2‐m temperature, relative humidity, and global horizontal irradiance showed satisfactory model performance. A sensitivity analysis of initial and boundary conditions helped in determining the model configuration with the least error for quantifying the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The diurnal cycle and the spatial pattern of UHI were investigated, and it was found that the mean UHI intensity peaked in the early morning at 2.2 °C, reaching 3.6 °C in the Compact High Rise (LCZ1) areas. The anthropogenic heat due to indoor air conditioning was found to play a major role in all the processes studied, while the effect of the different land use types was most pronounced during nighttime and least visible near noon. The UHI circulation developed near the central catchment is found to prevent sea breezes from further propagating inland.

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“…Prior investigations into UHA have been attempted using temperature data collected from two related methodologies: (i) mobile sensors based on a traverse (Brandsma and Wolters, 2012;Unger et al, 2010) and (ii) fixed sensors at weather stations in the region (Chandler, 1965;Brandsma et al, 2003;Haeger-Eugensson and Holmer, 1999;Gedzelman, 2003;Takane et al, 2013). In addition to presenting the spatial patterns of UHI, not UHA, a limitation of these methodologies is a general inability to demonstrate the high-resolution two-dimensional structure of UHA with any statistical confidence due to either temporal or spatial limitations of the chosen approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of urban heat island advection from a high‐density monitoring network

Bassett

Cai

Chapman

et al. 2016

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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With 69% of the world's population predicted to live in cities by 2050, modification to local climates, in particular Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), have become a well studied phenomenon. However, few studies have considered how horizontal winds modify the spatial pattern in a process named Urban Heat Advection (UHA) and this is most likely due to a lack of highly spatially resolved observational data. For the first time, this study separates the two-dimensional advection-induced UHI component, including its pattern and magnitude, from the locally heated UHI component using a unique dataset of urban canopy temperatures from 29 weather stations (3 km resolution) recorded over 20 months in Birmingham, United Kingdom. The results show that the mean contribution of UHA to the warming of areas downwind of the city can be up to 1.2 • C. Using the inverse Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a proxy for urban fraction, an upwind distance at which the urban fraction has the strongest correlation with UHA was demonstrated to be between 4 and 12 km. Overall, these findings suggest that urban planning and risk management needs to additionally consider UHA. However, more fundamentally, it highlights the importance of careful interpretation of long-term meteorological records taken near cities when they are used to assess global warming.

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Mesoscale aspects of the Urban Heat Island around New York City

Cited by 249 publications

References 9 publications

Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation

Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation

High‐Resolution, Multilayer Modeling of Singapore's Urban Climate Incorporating Local Climate Zones

Observations of urban heat island advection from a high‐density monitoring network

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