Mesoscale Convective System Precipitation Characteristics over East Asia. Part I: Regional Differences and Seasonal Variations

Li, Puxi; Moseley, Christopher; Prein, Andreas F.; Chen, Haoming; Li, Jian; Furtado, Kalli; Zhou, Tianjun

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0072.1

Cited by 35 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Monsoon southerlies with a maximum near midnight tend to facilitate the early-morning rainfall systems with durations longer than 6 hours. Such a response of long-duration rainfall to wind diurnal variations is also noted in previous studies (Chen et al 2009(Chen et al , 2013Yuan et al 2010;Li et al 2020). In summary, the northward-displaced rainfall of M(+)D(+) compared with M(+)D(−) suggests that the southerly monsoon surges with different diurnal variations are closely related to the meridional movement of the monsoon rainband.…”

Section: Rainfall Response To Southerly Monsoon Surges With Different Diurnal Variations a Spatiotemporal Evolutions Of Low-level Winds Asupporting

confidence: 84%

Diurnal Variations of Southerly Monsoon Surge and Their Impacts on East Asian Summer Rainfall

et al. 2022

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Monsoon southerlies can be particularly active for days and produce substantial rainfall over East Asia. These multiday episodes of southerly monsoon surge may exhibit distinct diurnal variations due to regional forcings under given large-scale conditions. This study categorizes the southerly surges into two types with different wind diurnal variations to clarify their influence on rainfall over East Asia. In the summer of 1998–2019, there are 63 episodes of southerly surge with large wind diurnal cycles and 55 episodes with small diurnal cycles. The first type of southerly surges usually occurs with anomalous low-level warming over southeastern China related to the westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high. The second type of southerly surges instead occurs with anomalous cooling due to the deepened midlatitude trough. They thus represent the different mechanisms downscaling from large-scale conditions to regional diurnal forcings. After the onset of the first type, the intensified monsoon southerlies at night lead to the northward displacement of large-scale ascent and northward water vapor transport with warm moist energy. The monsoon rainband tends to move to the north of 35°N with a robust response in precipitation systems, especially in the meso-α-scale rain events from midnight to morning. As a comparison, the rainband stays at 30°–35°N after the onset of the second type when the strengthened large-scale ascent and water vapor convergence are located relatively south. These differences between the two types of southerly monsoon surges highlight that the multiday large-scale conditions interact with sub-daily regional forcings and greatly regulate the detailed evolution of summer rainband over East Asia.

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Section: Rainfall Response To Southerly Monsoon Surges With Different Diurnal Variations a Spatiotemporal Evolutions Of Low-level Winds Asupporting

confidence: 84%

Diurnal Variations of Southerly Monsoon Surge and Their Impacts on East Asian Summer Rainfall

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, we identify and track MCSs in space and time by using an "iterative raincell tracking (IRT)" technique (Moseley et al 2013(Moseley et al , 2019Li et al 2020b). For each time step independently, connected areas with surface precipitation exceeding a predetermined threshold are recognized as objects in the rst step.…”

Section: Iterative Raincell Tracking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An MCS is de ned as a single entity with intense precipitation (≥ 3.0 mm h − 1 ) covering an area larger than 3,600 km 2 , and lasting at least two hours. This threshold is set to exclude too small and non-MCS storms, thus allows us to track intense storms with relatively enough size, which follows the same threshold settings in the previous study of Li et al (2020b). Additional sensitivity tests using 5.0 mm h − 1 and 2.5 mm h − 1 have demonstrated that while the changing thresholds will impact the amount of discovered MCS, the overall MCS features remain robust and do not change the conclusions revealed in this study.…”

Section: Iterative Raincell Tracking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of simulated mesoscale convective systems over East Asia to the treatment of convection in a high-resolution GCM

Muetzelfeldt

Schiemann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) downstream of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exhibit unique precipitation features. These MCSs can have damaging impacts and there is a critical need for improving the representation of MCSs in numerical models. However, most global climate models are typically run at resolutions that are too coarse to reasonably resolve MCSs, and it is still unclear how well higher-resolution global models can reproduce the precipitation characteristics of MCSs. In this study, the sensitivity of MCSs simulated by a global high resolution (~ 10km), atmosphere-only climate model to different treatments of convection (with and without parametrized convection, and a hybrid representation of convection) have been investigated. The results show that explicit convection (i.e., non-parameterized) can better reproduce the observed pattern of MCS precipitation over the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) region. In general, explicit convection better simulates the diurnal variability of MCSs over the eastern China, and is able to represent the distinctive diurnal variations of MCS precipitation over complex terrain particularly well, such as the eastern TP and the complex terrain of central-northern China. It is shown that explicit convection is better at simulating the timing of initiation and subsequent propagating features of the MCS, resulting in better diurnal variations and further a better spatial pattern of summer mean MCS precipitation. All three experiments simulate MCS rainfall areas which are notably smaller than those in observations, but with much stronger rainfall intensities, implying that these biases in simulated MCS morphological characteristics are not sensitive to the different treatment of convection.

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“…Li, Moseley, et al. (2020) found that MCS precipitation over YHRB exhibits an early morning peak in summer. The failure of numerical experiments with CPS to capture the diurnal cycle of summer rainfall over YHRB may be partly due to the difficulties of CPS to reproduce the mesoscale processes characterizing MCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that all simulations with different CPSs reproduced well the late-afternoon peak of precipitation, but they differed largely in the early morning peak. Li, Moseley, et al (2020) found that MCS precipitation over YHRB exhibits an early morning peak in summer. The failure of numerical experiments with CPS to capture the diurnal cycle of summer rainfall over YHRB may be partly due to the difficulties of CPS to reproduce the mesoscale processes characterizing MCS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection‐Permitting Hindcasting of Diurnal Variation of Mei‐yu Rainfall Over East China With a Global Variable‐Resolution Model

Zhao

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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Mei-yu is a unique climatic feature associated with frontal systems during the northward propagation of the East Asian summer monsoon that produces abundant rainfall particularly in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin (YHRB), West Japan (called Baiu), and South Korea (called Changma) (e.g., Ding, 1992;Tao & Chen, 1987). During the Mei-yu season, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is zonally aligned with the ridge extending from southern Japan to southern China. The warm and moist air transported by the East Asian summer monsoon interacts with the cold air from mid-to-high latitudes, forming a stationary front with a southwest-northeast orientation stretching from the YHRB of China to southern Japan (Ding et al., 2020). The Mei-yu season over the YHRB that typically occurs between mid-June to mid-July is a period with frequent heavy precipitation along the Mei-yu front (e.g., Bao et al., 2011;Ding, 1992). Anomalies of the Mei-yu rainfall, including its duration, amount, and diurnal variation, often result in droughts or floods in the YHRB and cause numerous casualties and enormous property losses (e.g., Dai et al., 2008;Fu et al., 2020). Therefore, a better understanding of Mei-yu rainfall has valuable implications for precipitation prediction and emergency preparedness (e.g., Li et al., 2019;Sampe & Xie, 2010).The diurnal variation of precipitation plays an important role in local and global weather and climate, and can considerably affect the energy and hydrological cycles (e.g., Dai, Giorgi, & Trenberth, 1999;Dai, Trenberth, & Karl, 1999). Due to the effect of surface heterogeneity such as complex land-sea contrast and irregular mountain-valley distributions, the diurnal variation of summer-time rainfall over China exhibits

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Mesoscale Convective System Precipitation Characteristics over East Asia. Part I: Regional Differences and Seasonal Variations

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Diurnal Variations of Southerly Monsoon Surge and Their Impacts on East Asian Summer Rainfall

Diurnal Variations of Southerly Monsoon Surge and Their Impacts on East Asian Summer Rainfall

Sensitivity of simulated mesoscale convective systems over East Asia to the treatment of convection in a high-resolution GCM

Convection‐Permitting Hindcasting of Diurnal Variation of Mei‐yu Rainfall Over East China With a Global Variable‐Resolution Model

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