Mesoscale Modeling of Dynamic Recrystallization: Multilevel Cellular Automaton Simulation Framework

Multi-Scale Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during Multi-Pass Hot-Rolling and Cooling Process

“…Simulation studies on microstructure evolution during recrystallization for a single-pass process have been performed by utilizing a CA model [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] and combining the CA method with the finite element method (FEM) [ 12 , 13 ] or the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Those studies investigated the mesoscale grain structural evolution as well as the macro- or meso-scale mechanical response.…”

“…As a result of inherent experimental difficulties, these studies cannot fully elucidate the physical mechanisms contributing to grain refinement, because one needs to consider the temporal evolution of the multi-pass processes of recrystallization and the γ→α transformation, With the development of technologies in computer science, numerical simulation methods have popularized and become an important tool for understanding the mechanisms of microstructure formation during material processes due to their capabilities to present the visual, temporal evolution of microstructures. Among different numerical models, the cellular automata (CA) approach, combining both computational efficiency and simplicity [8], has been commonly applied to investigate various phenomena such as recrystallization [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], phase transformation [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and grain coarsening [32,33].…”

Multiscale modeling of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization during hot working by coupling multilevel cellular automaton and finite element method

“…where C dDRX is a constant, which can be determined by an inverse analysis method (Jin andCui, 2010;Chen et al, 2020) and can also be calculated by an experimental measurement method for a specific deformation condition; Q activation is the activation energy; and R is the universal gas constant.…”

“…This study aims to develop a straightforward and effective method that can be easily combined with commercial FE computer codes to predict microstructure evolution during actual hot metal forming with dDRX. Furthermore, recent studies on all aspects of the multilevel CA (MCA) model (Chen et al, 2020) have been discussed for further improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the application of multiscale modeling to predict microstructure evolution under real hot-working conditions with dDRX.…”