Mesoscale Modeling of Katabatic Winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5*

Bromwich, David H.; Cassano, John J.; Klein, Thomas; Heinemann, Günther; Hines, Keith M.; Steffen, Konrad; Box, Jason E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2290:mmokwo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 167 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These include an improved representation of sea ice with fractional sea ice coverage in grid cells and using the latent heat of sublimation for calculating heat fluxes over ice surfaces. Other modified areas were revised cloud-radiation interactions, ice phase microphysics, and an improved treatment of heat transfer through snow and ice surfaces (Bromwich et al, 2001). Schlosser et al (2008a) compared AMPS precipitation in western DML to the surface mass balance derived from glaciological data for the years 2001-2006.…”

Section: Amps Archive Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

Dittmann¹,

Schlosser²,

Masson‐Delmotte³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. A unique set of 1-year precipitation and stable water isotope measurements from the Japanese Antarctic station, Dome Fuji, has been used to study the impact of the synoptic situation and the precipitation origin on the isotopic composition of precipitation on the Antarctic Plateau. The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) archive data are used to analyse the synoptic situations that cause precipitation. These situations are investigated and divided into five categories. The most common weather situation during a precipitation event is an upper-level ridge that extends onto the Antarctic Plateau and causes strong northerly advection from the ocean. Most precipitation events are associated with an increase in temperature and wind speed, and a local maximum of δ 18 O. During the measurement period, 21 synoptically caused precipitation events caused 60 % of the total annual precipitation, whereas the remaining 40 % were predominantly attributed to diamond dust. By combining the synoptic analyses with 5-day back-trajectories, the moisture source regions for precipitation events were estimated. An average source region around a latitude of 55 • S was found. The atmospheric conditions in the source region were used as initial conditions for running a Rayleigh-type isotopic model in order to reproduce the measured isotopic composition of fresh snow and to investigate the influence of the precipitation source region on the isotope ratios. The model represents the measured annual cycle of δ 18 O and the second-order isotopic parameter deuterium excess reasonably well, but yields on average too little fractionation along the transport/cooling path. While simulations with an isotopic general circulation model (GCM) (ECHAM5-wiso) for Dome Fuji are on average closer to the observations, this model cannot reproduce the annual cycle of deuterium excess. In the event-based analysis, no evidence of a correlation of the measured deuterium excess with the latitude of the moisture source region or the corresponding conditions was identified. Contrary to the assumption used for decades in ice core studies, a more northerly moisture source does not necessarily mean a larger temperature difference between source area and deposition site, thus a more depleted precipitation in heavy isotopes with a higher deuterium excess.

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Section: Amps Archive Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

Dittmann¹,

Schlosser²,

Masson‐Delmotte³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The Polar MM5 model used here is based on version 3.5 of the PSU-NCAR MM5. A detailed discussion of the modifications made to the standard version of MM5 for use over polar regions is described in Bromwich et al (2001) and Cassano et al (2001). The key modifications are the following: revised cloud-radiation interaction, modified explicit ice phase microphysics, optimal turbulence (boundary layer) parameterization, implementation of a sea ice surface type, and improved treatment of heat transfer through snow/ice surfaces.…”

Section: Model Description a Polar Mm5 Dynamics And Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cassano et al (2001) simulated a complete annual cycle over the Greenland ice sheet using Polar MM5, and the results showed a high degree of forecast skill for all variables when verified with automatic weather station (AWS) data. Bromwich et al (2001) simulated katabatic winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5. In addition to realistic performance against AWS observations, comparisons of the modeled profiles of wind speed, wind direction, and potential temperature in the katabatic layer with aircraft observations are also favorable, with small mean errors.…”

Section: Model Description a Polar Mm5 Dynamics And Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Regional Climate Simulations over Iceland Using Polar MM5*

Bromwich

Bai

Bjarnason³

2005

Monthly Weather Review

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High-resolution regional climate simulations of Iceland for 1991-2000 have been performed using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesocale Model (MM5) modified for use in polar regions (Polar MM5) with three nested domains and short-duration integrations. The simulated results are compared with monthly mean surface observations from Iceland for 1991-2000 to demonstrate the high level of model performance; correlation coefficients exceed 0.9 for most variables considered.The simulation results are used to analyze the near-surface climate over Iceland. The simulated nearsurface winds in winter are primarily katabatic. The land-sea-breeze circulation is clearly evident in summer. The land is colder than the ocean during winter, with a strong (weak) temperature gradient along the southern (northern) coast. This temperature pattern over the sloping terrain forces the katabatic wind. The diurnal cycle of near-surface air temperature is marked in summer over the land areas, which drives the land-sea breeze. The near-surface climate variations for extremes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during winter and summer result from the large-scale atmospheric advection conditions.The time-averaged mesoscale precipitation distribution over Iceland is reasonably well simulated by Polar MM5. Winter precipitation rates are double those during the summer, reflecting the much greater winter cyclonic activity. The simulated interannual precipitation variations during winter for 1991-2000 agree with those observed from snow accumulation measurements on the Vatnajökull ice cap. The winter precipitation decrease for 1991-2000 dominates the annual signal for all of Iceland except the northeastern and eastern parts where the precipitation increases. The large precipitation trends (decadal decrease of up to 50%) are caused by the eastward shift and weakening of the Icelandic low during the 1990s, as a result of changes in the NAO modulation of regional climate.

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“…The new model represents the next generation to continue the research and operational applications of the polar version [e.g., Bromwich et al, 2001] of the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU -NCAR) fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) [Grell et al, 1994]. Previously, Polar MM5 was optimized for the polar regions at Ohio State University in collaboration with the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology (MMM) Division at NCAR, and implemented into the MM5 community modeling system managed by NCAR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Part I: Greenland Ice Sheet Meteorology*

Hines

Bromwich

2008

Monthly Weather Review

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234

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[1] A version of the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) has been developed for polar applications. The model known as ''Polar WRF'' is tested over the Arctic Ocean with a western Arctic grid using 25-km resolution. The model is based upon WRF version 2.2, with improvements to the Noah land surface model and the snowpack treatment. The ocean surface treatment is modified to include fractional sea ice. Simulations consist of a series of 48-h integrations initialized daily at 0000 UTC. The initial 24 h are taken as model spin-up time for the atmospheric hydrology and boundary layer processes. Arctic conditions are simulated for the selected months: January 1998, June 1998, and August 1998 representing midwinter, early summer, and late summer conditions, respectively, from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) study. The albedo of sea ice is specified as a function of time and latitude for June and as a function of time for August. Simulation results are compared with observations of the drifting ice station SHEBA in the Arctic ice pack. Polar WRF simulations show good agreement with observations for all three months. Some differences between the simulations and observation occur owing to apparent errors in the synoptic forecasts and the representation of clouds. Nevertheless, the biases in the simulated fields appear to be small, and Polar WRF appears to be a very good tool for studies of Arctic Ocean meteorology.

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Mesoscale Modeling of Katabatic Winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5*

Cited by 167 publications

References 25 publications

Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

High-Resolution Regional Climate Simulations over Iceland Using Polar MM5*

Development and Testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Part I: Greenland Ice Sheet Meteorology*

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