Mesoscale Numerical Study of Quasi-Stationary Convective System over Jeddah in November 2009

Haggag, Mohammed; El-Badry, Hesham

doi:10.4236/acs.2013.31010

Cited by 41 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is in line with the topography where high mountains on the east cause large amounts of rainfall that flow down quickly to Jeddah city [16,24]. Moreover, Haggag and El-Badry [10] also mentioned that eastern parts of the catchment receive 220mm/year more rainfall than other parts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Figure 3 presents TRMM 3B42RT pixel coverage over Jeddah. Despite Haggag and El-Badry [10] stating the underestimation of rainfall fields by TRMM 3B42 data, Figure 4 shows the flooding event on 25 November 2009 as detected by 3B42RT data. Details of TRMM 3B42RT data production algorithms can be obtained from the TRMM website [37], and data can be downloaded from the web address; https://pmm.nasa.gov/data-access/ downloads/trmm.…”

Section: Satellite Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Moreover, Zipser et al [9] mentioned the occurrence of the strongest convective storms, and Haggag and El-Badry [10] indicated the rapid formation of flash floods in arid and semi-arid regions. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is well known for its dry climatic conditions [11] and is classified as a semi-arid region [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Jeddah Floods by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Analysis

Tekeli

2017

Water

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Estimating flash floods in arid regions is a challenge arising from the limited time preventing mitigation measures from being taken, which results in fatalities and property losses. Here, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Real Time (RT) 3B2RT data are utilized in estimating floods that occurred over the city of Jeddah located in the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. During the 2000-2014 period, six floods that were effective on 19 days occurred in Jeddah. Three indices, constant threshold (CT), cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and Jeddah flood index (JFI), were developed using 15-year 3-hourly 3B42RT. The CT calculated, as 10.37 mm/h, predicted flooding on 14 days, 6 of which coincided with actual flood-affected days (FADs). CDF thresholds varied between 87 and 93.74%, and JFI estimated 28 and 20 FADs where 8 and 7 matched with actual FADs, respectively. While CDF and JFI did not miss any flood event, CT missed the floods that occurred in the heavy rain months of January and December. The results are promising despite that only rainfall rates, i.e., one parameter out of various flood triggering mechanisms, i.e., soil moisture, topography and land use, are used. The simplicity of the method favors its use in TRMM follow-on missions such as the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Satellite Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Exploring Jeddah Floods by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Analysis

Tekeli

2017

Water

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“…Counterintuitively, flash-flood-type events are a natural phenomenon of many arid zone systems (e.g., Haggag and El-Badry 2013). In arid environments, precipitation can arrive in short and intense rainfall bursts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single rain event in November 2009 caused an observed rainfall depth of approximately 140 mm at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and resulted from a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system that lasted around 8 h (Haggag and El-Badry 2013). This is particularly notable, as the average total annual rainfall of the region is 53.5 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Flash-Flood-Producing Storm Events in Saudi Arabia Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model*

Deng

McCabe

Stenchikov

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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The challenges of monitoring and forecasting flash-flood-producing storm events in data-sparse and arid regions are explored using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (version 3.5) in conjunction with a range of available satellite, in situ, and reanalysis data. Here, we focus on characterizing the initial synoptic features and examining the impact of model parameterization and resolution on the reproduction of a number of floodproducing rainfall events that occurred over the western Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah. Analysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data suggests that mesoscale convective systems associated with strong moisture convergence ahead of a trough were the major initial features for the occurrence of these intense rain events. The WRF Model was able to simulate the heavy rainfall, with driving convective processes well characterized by a high-resolution cloud-resolving model. The use of higher (1 km vs 5 km) resolution along the Jeddah coastline favors the simulation of local convective systems and adds value to the simulation of heavy rainfall, especially for deep-convection-related extreme values. At the 5-km resolution, corresponding to an intermediate study domain, simulation without a cumulus scheme led to the formation of deeper convective systems and enhanced rainfall around Jeddah, illustrating the need for careful model scheme selection in this transition resolution. In analysis of multiple nested WRF simulations (25, 5, and 1 km), localized volume and intensity of heavy rainfall together with the duration of rainstorms within the Jeddah catchment area were captured reasonably well, although there was evidence of some displacements of rainstorm events.

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Extreme precipitation events are becoming less frequent but more intense over Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Are shifting weather regimes the cause?

Luong

Dasari

Hoteit

2020

Atmospheric Science Letters

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This study analyses the connection between extreme rainfall events in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and synoptic-scale weather patterns over the Arabian Peninsula.Mean rainfall follows a decreasing trend; however, the number of rainy days has increased. Interestingly, extreme rainfall is becoming less frequent but shows an increased intensity. Here we utilize self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify the weather patterns of the most intense rainy days and the synoptic systems causing extreme rainfall in the Jeddah region. Three main weather patterns that cause heavy rainfall events over Jeddah during the cooler months (November-April) are identified, all reflect tropical-extratropical interactions. Extreme events in the early period (1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998) are characterized by a stronger tropical influence and local precipitation patterns, while a stronger extratropical forcing and higher extreme rainfall amounts are spotted in the late period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018). Our results suggest that in recent decades, the mechanism causing extreme rainfall over the city of Jeddah has shifted toward a weather regime with stronger extratropical influence.

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Mesoscale Numerical Study of Quasi-Stationary Convective System over Jeddah in November 2009

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Exploring Jeddah Floods by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Analysis

Exploring Jeddah Floods by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Analysis

Simulation of Flash-Flood-Producing Storm Events in Saudi Arabia Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model*

Extreme precipitation events are becoming less frequent but more intense over Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Are shifting weather regimes the cause?

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