Mesoscale Wind Structure Revealed by Doppler Radar

Boucher, Roland J.; Wexler, Raymond; Atlas, David; Lhermitte, Roger M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1965)004<0590:mwsrbd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A number of different methods have been developed to overcome these limitations and allow for retrieval of 2D or 3D wind fields. What follows is a list of several notable methods: Dual-Doppler wind retrieval (e.g., Boucher et al 1965), velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analysis (Lhermitte and Atlas 1962;Browning and Wexler 1968), Tracking Reflectivity Echoes by Correlation (TREC; Rinehart and Garvey 1978;Tuttle and Gall 1999;Kramar et al 2005), "pseudo" dual-Doppler retrieval from Doppler radar data collected from an airborne platform (Jorgensen et al 1983(Jorgensen et al , 1996, synthetic dual-Doppler retrieval (Bluestein and Hazen 1989), and variational pseudomultiple ground-based (rolling range-height indicator) mobile Doppler wind synthesis (Weiss et al 2006). The velocity-track display (VTD) analysis technique (Lee et al 1994), and its two sibling techniques, the extended velocity track display (EVTD) technique (Roux and Marks 1996) and the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis technique (Lee et al 1999), are single-Doppler 2D and 3D wind field retrieval techniques designed specifically for application to nearly axisymmetric atmospheric vortices such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) Analysis of W-Band Doppler Radar Data in a Tornado near Stockton, Kansas, on 15 May 1999

Tanamachi

Bluestein

Lee

et al. 2007

Monthly Weather Review

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On 15 May 1999, a storm intercept team from the University of Oklahoma collected high-resolution, W-band Doppler radar data in a tornado near Stockton, Kansas. Thirty-five sector scans were obtained over a period of approximately 10 min, capturing the tornado life cycle from just after tornadogenesis to the decay stage. A low-reflectivity “eye”—whose diameter fluctuated during the period of observation—was present in the reflectivity scans. A ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis of the W-band Doppler radar data of the Stockton tornado was conducted; results and interpretations are presented and discussed. It was found from the analysis that the axisymmetric component of the azimuthal wind profile of the tornado was suggestive of a Burgers–Rott vortex during the most intense phase of the life cycle of the tornado. The temporal evolution of the axisymmetric components of azimuthal and radial wind, as well as the wavenumber-1, -2, and -3 angular harmonics of the azimuthal wind, are also presented. A quasi-stationary wavenumber-2 feature of the azimuthal wind was analyzed from 25 of the 35 scans. It is shown, via simulated radar data collection in an idealized Burgers–Rott vortex, that this wavenumber-2 feature may be caused by the translational distortion of the vortex during the radar scans. From the GBVTD analysis, it can be seen that the maximum azimuthally averaged azimuthal wind speed increased while the radius of maximum wind (RMW) decreased slightly during the intensification phase of the Stockton tornado. In addition, the maximum azimuthally averaged azimuthal wind speed, the RMW, and the circulation about the vortex center all decreased simultaneously as the tornado decayed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) Analysis of W-Band Doppler Radar Data in a Tornado near Stockton, Kansas, on 15 May 1999

Tanamachi

Bluestein

Lee

et al. 2007

Monthly Weather Review

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“…One of the common factors that generate instability and turbulence in stratiform clouds is wind shear (i.e., Kelvin-Helmholtz instability). Previous studies such as Boucher et al (1965), Wexler et al (1967), and Syrett et al (1995) observed wind shear varying in time in winter storms using Doppler radar measurements and suggested that the wind shear could play a role in the formation of generating cells. Rauber et al (2014) revealed multiple sources of air masses with different wind directions and humidity associated with a comma head snowstorm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Microscale Updrafts within Northeast U.S. Coastal Snowstorms Using High-Resolution Cloud Radar Measurements

Oue,

Colle,

Yuter

et al. 2024

Monthly Weather Review

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Limited knowledge exists about ∼100 m scale precipitation processes within U.S. Northeast coastal snowstorms because of a lack of high-resolution observations. We investigate characteristics of microscale updraft regions within the cyclone comma head and their relationships with snowbands, wind shear, frontogenesis, and vertical mass flux using high-spatiotemporal resolution vertically-pointing Ka-band radar measurements, soundings, and reanalysis data for four snowstorms observed at Stony Brook, NY. Updraft regions are defined as contiguous time-height plotted areas with upward Doppler velocity without hydrometeor sedimentation that is equal to or greater than 0.4 m s−1. Most updraft regions in the time-height data occur on a time scale of seconds (< 20 s), which is equivalent to spatial scales < 500 m. These small updraft regions within cloud echo occur more than 30% of the time for three of the four cases and 18% for the other case. They are found at all altitudes and can occur with or without frontogenesis and with or without snowbands. The updraft regions with relatively large Doppler spectrum width (> 0.4 m s−1) occur more frequently within midlevels of the storms, where there are strong wind shear layers and moist shear instability layers. This suggests that the dominant forcing for the updrafts appears to be turbulence associated with the vertical shear instability. The updraft regions can be responsible for upward mass flux when they are closer together in space and time. The higher values of mean upward mass flux within updraft regions often occur during snowband periods.

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“…Using the principle of Doppler frequency shift, this type of radar allows observation of motions inside clouds, and consequently has been used extensively in the last decade in both the United Kingdom and the United States. Lhermitte (1966) provides a useful introduction to the technique and Boucher et al (1965) outline one type of meso-scale wind structure which Doppler radar described explicitly. One of the most recent instrumental developments which is of particular value to meso-meteorology is the introduction of lidar, or pulsed laser radar (Masterson, Karney, and Hoehne 1966;Collis 1969).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meso‐systems in the Atmosphere

Atkinson

1970

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Mesoscale Wind Structure Revealed by Doppler Radar

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) Analysis of W-Band Doppler Radar Data in a Tornado near Stockton, Kansas, on 15 May 1999

Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) Analysis of W-Band Doppler Radar Data in a Tornado near Stockton, Kansas, on 15 May 1999

Microscale Updrafts within Northeast U.S. Coastal Snowstorms Using High-Resolution Cloud Radar Measurements

Meso‐systems in the Atmosphere

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