Weak
noncovalent interactions between large disclike molecules
in poorly solvating media generally lead to the formation of fibers
where the molecules stack atop one another. Here, we show that a particular
chiral spacing group between large aromatic moieties, which usually
lead to columnar stacks, in this case gives rise to an intramolecularly
folded structure in relatively polar solvents, but in very apolar
solvents forms finite aggregates. The molecule that displays this
behavior has a
C
3
symmetric benzene-1,3,5-tris(3,3′-diamido-2,2′-bipyridine)
(BTAB) core with three metalloporphyrin units appended to it through
short chiral spacers. Quite well-defined chromophore arrangements
are evident by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of this compound
in solution, where clear exciton coupled bands of porphyrins are observed.
In more polar solvents where the molecules are dispersed, a relatively
weak CD signal is observed as a result of intramolecular folding,
a feature confirmed by molecular modeling. The intramolecular folding
was confirmed by measuring the CD of a
C
2
symmetric analogue. The
C
3
symmetric
BTAB cores that would normally be expected to stack in a chiral arrangement
in apolar solvents show no indication of CD, suggesting that there
is no transfer of chirality through it (although the expected planar
conformation of the 2,2′-bipyridine unit is confirmed by NMR
spectroscopy). The incorporation of the porphyrins on the 3,3′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridine
moiety spaced by a chiral unit leaves the latter incapable of assembling
through supramolecular π–π stacking. Rather, modeling
indicates that the three metalloporphyrin units interact, thanks to
van der Waals interactions, favoring their close interactions over
that of the BTAB units. Atomic force microscopy shows that, in contrast
to other examples of molecules with the same core, disclike aggregates
(rather than fibrillar one dimensional aggregates) are favored by
the
C
3
symmetric molecule. The closed
structures are formed through nondirectional interlocking of porphyrin
rings. The chiral spacer between the rigid core and the porphyrin
moieties is undoubtedly important in determining the outcome in polar
or less polar solvents, as modeling shows that this joint in the molecule
has two favored conformations that render the molecule relatively
flat or convex.