Mesoscopic open-eye core–shell spheroid carved anode/cathode electrodes for fully reversible and dynamic lithium-ion battery models

Abstract

<p>Mesoscopic super-open-eye core/shell spheroids carved anode/cathode electrodes with interiorly-uniform accommodation/storage pockets for creation of fully-reversible and dynamic Li-ion power battery (LIB)-models.</p>

Complex Structure Model Mutated Anode/Cathode Electrodes for Improving Large-Scale Battery Designs

“…The CBB-microscopic architectonics indicate the formation of complex uni-, bi-, and trimodal-hierarchy morphologies, multidirectional configurations, geometrical assemblies oriented in nano/microscale structures, and surface mesh topologies. These CBB–cathode and CBB–anode architectonics enable multigate transport and facilitate the continuous flow distribution dynamics of electron/Li + ions during multiple lithiation/delithiation processes (≫2000 cycles). − …”

“…The CV sets of CBB–SE@C–, CBB–AB@C–, and CBB–CC@C–P cathode LIBs were designed at 0.1 C and a potential window range (2.0–4.3 V), as seen in Figure a. The significant changes in the oxidation (delithiation)/reduction (lithiation) Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ (LiFePO 4 /FePO 4 ) profiles for CBB–P cathode LIBs were obtained at potentials of 3.33/3.5 V (CBB–SE@C), 3.28/3.59 V (CBB–AB@C), and 3.18/3.67 V (CBB–CC@C). , Figure b shows the influence of the CV profile CBB–SE@C–cathode LIB–CR2032 design sets at C-rates (0.1–5 C) and potential ranges (2.0–4.3 V). Increasing the scan rates leads to enhance and reduce the V of both oxidized and reduced peaks, respectively, and enriches their current (mA).…”

“…These CBB-cathode and CBB-anode architectonics enable multi-gate transport and facilitate the continuous flow distribution dynamics of electron/Li + ions during multiple lithiation/delithiation processes (>>2,000 cycles). [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The well-dispersed surface heterogeneity, thermal-stability, and unique configurations and geometrics of CBB-cathode and CBB-anode architectonics were characterized via XRD (X-ray diffraction), TG (thermo-gravimetry), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectrometry), Raman spectroscopy, N2 isothermal analyses, and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) techniques (Figs. S5 to S10).…”

“…4f, inset). [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The EIS parameters for CBB-LFPO@C geometric cathodes are provided in Table S1. 5,13 The obtained Nyquist-semicircles graphs and the equivalent charge transfer resistance (Rct) of variable 3D CBB-LFPO@C cathode electrodes, including CBB-SE@C, CBB-AB@C, and CBB-CC@C geometrics, indicate the leverage of the functional surface mobility of CBB-cathode geometrics.…”

“…Figure 6a exhibits that the designed full-cell CBB-mutated-LIB has average operation voltage of 1.91 V. Therefore, the CBB structural features enable the engineering of full-cell CBB-mutated-LIB models with an excellent battery energy density of 154.4 Wh/kg (see supporting information S1). [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The reversibility and capability rate of full-scale CBB-HS@C anode (N)//CBB-SE@C cathode (P) CBB-mutated-LIB CR2032-circular designs versus C-rates (0.1 C to 20C) and cycle number (1 to 100 cycles) were investigated (Figs. 6c and 6d).…”