“…Hermit crabs, which have taken up residency in gastropod and ammonite shells, represent a prime example of such behavior (e.g., Fraaije, 2003;Jagt et al, 2006). Many examples of specimens found in shells are known from the fossil record, including trilobites in Paleozoic brachiopods, hyoliths, nautiloids, and trilobites (Brett, 1977;Davis et al, 2001;Fatka et al, 2009;Fatka and Budil, 2014;Zong et al, 2016); echinoids, bivalves, heteromorph ammonites, and ophiuroids in Mesozoic ammonites (Ernst, 1967;Hagdorn, 1998;Matsumoto and Nihongi, 1979), decapods in Triassic-Miocene cephalopods, echinoids, and bivalves (Fraaije and Pennings, 2006;Fraaye and Jäger, 1995a;Gašparič et al, 2015;Klompmaker and Fraaije, 2012;Landman et al, 2014;Schulz, 2002) (Fig. 14); and fishes in Jurassic-Cretaceous ammonites and inoceramid bivalves (Fraaye and Jäger, 1995b;Nyborg et al, 2014;Stewart, 1990;Vullo et al, 2009), among others.…”