Mesozoic strata of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Norway; a link to the northern Barents Sea basins and platforms

Olaussen, Snorre; Larssen, Geir Birger; Helland-Hansen, William; Johannessen, Erik P.; Nøttvedt, Arvid; Riis, Fridtjof; Bjarte, Rismyhr; Smelror, Morten; Worsley, David

doi:10.17850/njg98-4-06

Cited by 16 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Highlighted black lines in (B), (E) and (G) indicate the position of the regional panels shown in figure. The reconstructions are based on Steel & Worsley (1984), Dypvik et al (1991b), Midtkandal & Nystuen (2009), Grundv ag et al (2017, 2019), Olaussen et al (2018) and this study.…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 73%

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The role of shelf morphology on storm‐bed variability and stratigraphic architecture, Lower Cretaceous, Svalbard

Grundvåg

Jelby

Olaussen³

et al. 2020

Sedimentology

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The dominance of isotropic hummocky cross-stratification, recording deposition solely by oscillatory flows, in many ancient storm-dominated shorefaceshelf successions is enigmatic. Based on conventional sedimentological investigations, this study shows that storm deposits in three different and stratigraphically separated siliciclastic sediment wedges within the Lower Cretaceous succession in Svalbard record various depositional processes and principally contrasting sequence stratigraphic architectures. The lower wedge is characterized by low, but comparatively steeper, depositional dips than the middle and upper wedges, and records a change from storm-dominated offshore transitionlower shoreface to storm-dominated prodeltadistal delta front deposits. The occurrence of anisotropic hummocky crossstratification sandstone beds, scour-and-fill features of possible hyperpycnalflow origin, and wave-modified turbidites within this part of the wedge suggests that the proximity to a fluvio-deltaic system influenced the observed storm-bed variability. The mudstone-dominated part of the lower wedge records offshore shelf deposition below storm-wave base. In the middle wedge, scours, gutter casts and anisotropic hummocky cross-stratified storm beds occur in inferred distal settings in association with bathymetric steps situated across the platform break of retrogradationally stacked parasequences. These steps gave rise to localized, steeper-gradient depositional dips which promoted the generation of basinward-directed flows that occasionally scoured into the underlying seafloor. Storm-wave and tidal current interaction promoted the development and migration of large-scale, compound bedforms and smaller-scale hummocky bedforms preserved as anisotropic hummocky cross-stratification. The upper wedge consists of thick, seaward-stepping successions of isotropic hummocky cross-stratificationbearing sandstone beds attributed to progradation across a shallow, gently dipping ramp-type shelf. The associated distal facies are characterized by abundant lenticular, wave ripple cross-laminated sandstone, suggesting that the basin floor was predominantly positioned above, but near, storm-wave base. Consequently, shelf morphology and physiography, and the nature of the feeder system (for example, proximity to deltaic systems) are inferred to 196

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Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…1B). Although not included in the definition herein, anisotropy is also observed as shingled, gently-dipping, lamina sets and lenticular-shaped storm beds, and Olaussen et al (2018). (B) to (G) Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Svalbard during the Early Cretaceous (early Hauterivian late middle Albian).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of shelf morphology on storm‐bed variability and stratigraphic architecture, Lower Cretaceous, Svalbard

Grundvåg

Jelby

Olaussen³

et al. 2020

Sedimentology

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“…(1) The Klippfisk Formation Upper Berriasian-Hauterivian Tordenskjoldberget Member (Smith et al 1976;Smelror et al 1998Smelror et al , 2019Mørk et al 1999;Olaussen et al 2019) is an open-marine platform limestone. (2) The carbonate-dominated unit is overlain by the Barremian Helvetiafjellet Formation.…”

Section: B1 Kong Karls Land (Svalbard)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Cretaceous Barents Sea strata: epicontinental basin configuration, timing, correlation and depositional dynamics

Midtkandal

Faleide

et al. 2019

Geol. Mag.

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A comprehensive dataset is collated in a study on sediment transport, timing and basin physiography during the Early Cretaceous Period in the Boreal Basin (Barents Sea), one of the world’s largest and longest active epicontinental basins. Long-wavelength tectonic tilt related to the Early Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) set up a fluvial system that developed from a sediment source area in the NW, which flowed SE across the Svalbard archipelago, terminating in a low-accommodation shallow sea within the Bjarmeland Platform area of the present-day Barents Sea. The basin deepened to the SE with a ramp-like basin floor with gentle dip. Seismic data show sedimentary lobes with internal clinoform geometry that advanced from the NW. These lobes interfingered with, and were overlain by, another younger depositional system with similar lobes sourced from the NE. The integrated data allow mapping of architectural patterns that provide information on basin physiography and control factors on source-to-sink transport and depositional patterns within the giant epicontinental basin. The results highlight how low-gradient, low-accommodation sediment transport and deposition has taken place along proximal to distal profiles for several hundred kilometres, in response to subtle changes in base level and by intra-basinal highs and troughs. Long-distance correlation along depositional dip is therefore possible, but should be treated with caution to avoid misidentification of timelines for diachronous surfaces.

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“…Olaussen et al () describe long amplitude, weak, NE‐SW trending folding of Jurassic age in the area of Kong Karls Land in eastern most Svalbard. They also relate a Triassic tectonic megasequence in the Svalbard area to the development of the Novaya Zemyla fold‐thrust belt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Cretaceous Svalbard was marginal to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP; e.g., Maher, ; Senger, Tveranger, et al, ) and a series of diabase sills were emplaced within the platform cover sequence. Associated extrusive rocks exist in Kong Karls Land, the eastern most part of Svalbard (Bailey & Rasmussen, ; Olaussen et al, ; Senger, Tveranger, et al, ; Smith et al, ). Cooling joints in plutons are to be expected (Bergbauer & Martel, ; Martel & Bergbauer, ) and can be influenced by the regional stress field (Bankwitz et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Regional Stress Field Evolution in Svalbard

Maher

Senger²,

Braathen

et al. 2020

Tectonics

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Cooling fracture orientations in diabase sills associated with the Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province and syn-sedimentary Triassic faults help constrain a model for Svalbard's (NE Barents Shelf) Mesozoic stress field evolution. Fracture data from Edgeøya and adjacent islands in SE Svalbard, from S Spitsbergen, and from literature were used to model preferred orientations and temporal relationships. Orthogonal, roughly E-W and N-S, joints and veins in sills from SE Svalbard are interpreted as cooling fractures influenced by the ambient stress field. Aligned preferred orientations within the Triassic host strata are associated with a regional Cretaceous jointing episode driven by sill emplacement and/or erosional unloading. The regional maximum horizontal stress (likely σ1) is inferred to have been parallel to a dominant ≈E-W set. Spitsbergen's more complex joint patterns are associated with proximity to the Cenozoic West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt, but ≈E-W and ≈N-S orientations occur and are typically the earlier set. Syn-sedimentary, ≈NW-SE striking, Triassic normal faults in SE Svalbard aligned with the maximum horizontal stress indicate a Triassic to Cretaceous counterclockwise stress field shift, with additional counterclockwise shifting during Cenozoic dextral transpression between Svalbard and Greenland. Localized joint preferred orientations consistent with both decoupled and coupled transpression occur. Changes in the regional maximum horizontal stress and deformation regime may reflect timing of which plate margin was crucial in influencing Svalbard's plate interior stress field, starting with Triassic Uralian activity to the E, then Cretaceous Amerasian Basin development to the NW, culminating with Cenozoic dextral transpression and transtension to the SW.

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Mesozoic strata of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Norway; a link to the northern Barents Sea basins and platforms

Cited by 16 publications

References 98 publications

The role of shelf morphology on storm‐bed variability and stratigraphic architecture, Lower Cretaceous, Svalbard

The role of shelf morphology on storm‐bed variability and stratigraphic architecture, Lower Cretaceous, Svalbard

Lower Cretaceous Barents Sea strata: epicontinental basin configuration, timing, correlation and depositional dynamics

Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Regional Stress Field Evolution in Svalbard

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