Meta-analyses of age–cognition relations in adulthood: Estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models.

Verhaeghen, Paul; Salthouse, Timothy A.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.3.231

Cited by 924 publications

(738 citation statements)

References 121 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

656

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1). This confirms existing behavioral evidence suggesting that individual differences in long-term memory correlated with individual differences in working memory (Park et al, 2002(Park et al, , 1996Verhaeghen and Salthouse, 1997). Although verbal fluency tasks are commonly used neuropsychological indicators of frontal lobe dysfunction (Bryan and Luszcz, 2000), which are particularly sensitive Legend: The second column of each correlation indicates the statistical significance (P-value).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Düzel¹,

Münte²,

Lindenberger³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Age-related dysfunctions in cholinergic and dopaminergic neuromodulation are assumed to contribute to age-associated impairment of explicit memory. Both neurotransmitters also modulate attention, working memory, and processing speed. To date, in vivo evidence linking structural age-related changes in these neuromodulatory systems to dysfunction within or across these cognitive domains remains scarce. Using a factor analytical approach in a cross-sectional study including 86 healthy older (aged 55 to 83 years) and 24 young (aged 18 to 30 years) adults, we assessed the relationship between structural integrity-as measured by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), main origin of dopaminergic projections, basal forebrain (major origin of cortical cholinergic projections), frontal white matter (FWM), and hippocampus to neuropsychological and psychosocial scores. Basal forebrain MTR and FWM changes correlated with a factor combining verbal learning and memory and working memory and, as indicated by measures of diffusion, were most likely due to vascular pathology. These findings suggest that frontal white matter integrity and cholinergic neuromodulation provide clues as to why age-related cognitive decline is often correlated across cognitive domains. IntroductionAge-related decline in learning and memory, often termed age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) (Crook et al., 1986), is a well-documented finding in healthy older adults (Balota et al., 2000;Cabeza et al., 2000;Craik, 1994;Salthouse, 2003), but the neurobiological correlates of this decline are still under debate. A consistent pattern of AAMI is a decrement in declarative memory (Tulving, 1985) most clearly apparent in impaired free recall and recollection (Buckner, 2004;Craik, 2006;Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004;Nilsson, 2003). Evidence from lesion studies in humans and animals indicates that

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Düzel¹,

Münte²,

Lindenberger³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No significant age differences were obtained in subjective mental health scores, but older adults rated themselves as significantly less healthy than young adults, t(70) ϭ 2.98, p Ͻ .01. In line with a number of previous findings (Verhaeghen & Salthouse, 1997), differential age trends were found for two intellectual abilities: perceptual speed and knowledge. Highly negative age differences were observed for perceptual speed, as measured by the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (Wechsler, 1982), t(70) ϭ Ϫ8.63, p Ͻ .01.…”

Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 90%

Age-Related Changes in Task-Switching Components: The Role of Task Uncertainty

Kray

Lindenberger

2002

Brain and Cognition

160

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study examined age differences in executive functioning, using an externally cued task-switching paradigm. Two components of task switching were assessed: the ability to maintain and select among task sets (general switch costs) and the ability to switch between task sets (specific switch costs). In contrast to previous findings, we found large age-related differences in specific switch costs, especially when the number of potentially relevant task sets is increased from two to four. Age-related differences in general switch costs were absent when external task cues subserved executive processing in task switching. Generally, the findings suggest that age-related impairments in task-switching components vary as a function of task uncertainty, such as the presence of environmental prompts to behavior. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)

show abstract

“…contains averages of the estimates across five imputed data sets in which missing values for the 16 reference variables were predicted from the values of the other reference variables and from values of age, gender, education, and health. The weighted averages of the construct relations across studies were obtained from the values reported in Salthouse (in press(a)), and the meta-analysis estimates based on individual variables were obtained from the values reported by Verhaeghen and Salthouse (1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localizing age-related individual differences in a hierarchical structure

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data from 33 separate studies were combined to create an aggregate data set consisting of 16 cognitive variables and 6832 different individuals who ranged between 18 and 95 years of age. Analyses were conducted to determine where in a hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities individual differences associated with age, gender, education, and self-reported health could be localized. The results indicated that each type of individual difference characteristic exhibited a different pattern of influences within the hierarchical structure, and that aging was associated with four statistically distinct influences; negative influences on a second-order common factor and on first-order speed and memory factors, and a positive influence on a first-order vocabulary factor.

show abstract

Meta-analyses of age–cognition relations in adulthood: Estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models.

Cited by 924 publications

References 121 publications

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Age-Related Changes in Task-Switching Components: The Role of Task Uncertainty

Localizing age-related individual differences in a hierarchical structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About