Meta-Analysis in the Breech

Mann, Charles C.

doi:10.1126/science.2382129

Cited by 216 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…More specifically, MRA relies on statistical methods to determine significant trends or findings in the literature, decreasing the need for more subjective (and descriptive) reviews (Stanley, 2001). In addition, by analyzing the results from a large number of studies, MRA can identify a significant trend even where many individual studies might have failed to detect the trend (Mann, 1990). MRA can explain study-to-study variation by determining the extent to which methods, design and data affect reported results (Stanley, 2001).…”

Section: Statistical Approach: Meta-regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Carbon terrestrial sinks are often seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO 2 . To determine whether this is true for agriculture, one meta-regression analysis (52 studies, 536 observations) examines the costs of switching from conventional tillage to no-till, while another (51 studies, 374 observations) compares carbon accumulation under the two practices. Costs per ton of carbon uptake are determined by combining the two results. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks is found to vary by region and crop, with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions (costs of less than $10 per tC), but a high-cost option in others (costs of 100-$400 per tC). A particularly important finding is that no-till cultivation may store no carbon at all if measurements are taken at sufficient depth. In some circumstances no-till cultivation may yield a "triple dividend" of carbon storage, increased returns and reduced soil erosion, but in many others creating carbon offset credits in agricultural soils is not cost effective because reduced tillage practices store little or no carbon.

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Section: Statistical Approach: Meta-regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits

et al. 2005

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“…Results supported the specificity of treatment effects: Outcomes were stronger for the particular problems targeted in treatment than for problems not targeted. The findings shed new light on previous results and raise significant issues for future study.Over the past decade, applications of the technique known as meta-analysis (see Cooper & Hedges, 1994;Mann, 1990;Smith, Glass, & Miller, 1980) have enriched our understanding of the impact of psychotherapy with children and adolescents (herein referred to collectively as "children"). At least three general meta-analyses encompassing diverse treatment methods and diverse child problems have indicated that the overall impact of child psychotherapy is positive, with effect sizes averaging not far below Cohen's (1988) threshold of 0.80 for a "large" effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of psychotherapy with children and adolescents revisited: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies.

Weisz¹,

Weiss²,

Han³

et al. 1995

Psychological Bulletin

766

574

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A meta-analysis of child and adolescent psychotherapy outcome research tested previous findings using a new sample of 150 outcome studies and weighted least squares methods. The overall mean effect of therapy was positive and highly significant. Effects were more positive for behavioral than for nonbehavioral treatments, and samples of adolescent girls showed better outcomes than other Age X Gender groups. Paraprofessionals produced larger overall treatment effects than professional therapists or students, but professionals produced larger effects than paraprofessionals in treating overcontrolled problems (e.g., anxiety and depression). Results supported the specificity of treatment effects: Outcomes were stronger for the particular problems targeted in treatment than for problems not targeted. The findings shed new light on previous results and raise significant issues for future study.Over the past decade, applications of the technique known as meta-analysis (see Cooper & Hedges, 1994;Mann, 1990;Smith, Glass, & Miller, 1980) have enriched our understanding of the impact of psychotherapy with children and adolescents (herein referred to collectively as "children"). At least three general meta-analyses encompassing diverse treatment methods and diverse child problems have indicated that the overall impact of child psychotherapy is positive, with effect sizes averaging not far below Cohen's (1988) threshold of 0.80 for a "large" effect. Casey and Herman (1985) reported a mean effect size of 0.71 for a collection of treatment outcome studies with children 12 years of age and younger (studies published from . Weisz, Weiss, Alicke, and Klotz (1987) We are grateful to Danika Kauneckis and Julie Mosk for their help with various phases of the project. We also thank the outcome study authors who provided us with information needed to calculate effectsize values for this meta-analysis.

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“…Meta-analysis provides an appropriate statistical framework for quantitatively combining the results of several studies of a similar topic (10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis. A meta‐analysis of their moderate‐term effectiveness

Saag

Criswell

Sems

et al. 1996

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of lowdose corticosteroids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. After identifying all relevant studies meeting preselected inclusion criteria, we performed 2 meta-analyses. First, we compared the effectiveness of prednisone to placebo and active drug controls (aspirin, chloroquine, or deflazacort) using standard metaanalysis methods for continuous data. Then, to compare the relative effectiveness of prednisone to second-line agents, we used methods similar to prior meta-analyses of second-line agents for RA treatment. Outcomes assessed were the number of tender and swollen joints, grip strength, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).Results. Very few studies directly assessed the effectiveness of corticosteroids for RA treatment, and many were of poor methodologic quality. Only 9 of 34 studies identified by our search met criteria for inclusion. The results of our standard meta-analysis indicated that corticosteroids appeared to be more effective than either placebo or active drug controls in improving most conventional outcome measures (effect size 0.90 for the number of tender joints, 1.05 for the number of swollen joints, and 1.20 for the ESR). In our second comparative meta-analysis, corticosteroids were nearly Submitted for publication January 9, 1996; accepted in revised form June 3, 1996. equivalent to second-line agents previously examined in meta-analyses (combined effect size 0.82).Conclusion. Based on the limited data available, during moderate-term treatment periods averaging slightly over 7 months, corticosteroids appeared to be as effective or more effective than alternative therapies in improving several common RA disease activity measures.

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Meta-Analysis in the Breech

Cited by 216 publications

References 0 publications

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits

Effects of psychotherapy with children and adolescents revisited: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies.

Low‐dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis. A meta‐analysis of their moderate‐term effectiveness

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