Meta-analysis of alcohol induced gut dysbiosis and the resulting behavioral impact

Qamar, Nayab; Castano, Dominique; Patt, Caitlin; Chu, Tin-Chun; Cottrell, Jessica; Chang, Sulie L.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112196

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Subgroup analysis indicates that the between-group difference in the GIS potentially differs between the smoking and nonsmoking subgroups and between the alcohol intake and no alcohol intake subgroups. The gastrointestinal impairment caused by nicotine and alcohol might partly explain these results ( 23 , 24 ); nicotine interacts with the central nervous system ( 25 ), which might lead to a change in the sensitivity of the potential targets of the JX pill. Previous studies have shown that smoking could aggravate FD-associated symptoms and that alcohol intake is also related to the occurrence of FD symptoms in Japan ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Herbal Formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial

Chen

Feng

Wang³

et al. 2020

Clin Transl Gastroenterol

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INTRODUCTION: To investigate the efficacy and safety of an herbal formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao (JX) on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who had previously rejected standard therapies of proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, or Helicobacter pylori eradication. METHODS: A total of 144 adult men and women with FD according to the Rome III criteria were recruited at 9 sites in China from August 2017 to April 2019. Participants were randomized to receive either a JX pill or placebo (12 g/d, 6 g twice a day) for 4 weeks. The primary end point was the change in the total Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS) from baseline to week 4. The secondary end points included the scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The safety outcomes included the results of the complete blood count, the liver function test, the renal function test, urinalysis, the fecal occult blood test, and an electrocardiogram. RESULTS: Data from 141 patients (JX pill, n = 70; placebo, n = 71) were statistically analyzed. The mean ± SD of the GIS for the JX pill group at baseline and 4 weeks was 9.3 ± 3.1 and 3.8 ± 3.0, respectively; the mean ± SD of the GIS for the placebo group at baseline and 4 weeks was 9.5 ± 3.4 and 5.3 ± 4.4, respectively (change from baseline to 4 weeks in the JX pill group vs change from baseline in the control group, −1.3 points; P = 0.013). The JX pill group showed greater improvement in both the Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores from baseline to 4 weeks than the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. The total number of adverse events was 30 in the JX pill group vs 20 in the placebo group ( P = 0.240). DISCUSSION: The JX pill was superior to the placebo in terms of improving the GIS in patients with FD but did not significantly improve depression or anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the JX pill may have a positive effect on the resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with FD who are seeking alternative therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Herbal Formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial

Chen

Feng

Wang³

et al. 2020

Clin Transl Gastroenterol

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“…Alcohol alters the composition of the IMB, resulting in an alteration of the amount and type of neuroactive substances produced by the microbiota, which may lead to behavioral alteration [ 79 ]. Gut–brain communication is disrupted by alcohol-related immune and gut dysfunction [ 80 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota

Calleja‐Conde

Echeverry‐Alzate

Bühler

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The human gut is the largest organ with immune function in our body, responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. A diverse, complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, called microbiota, which exert a significant impact on the host during homeostasis and disease, supports this role. In fact, intestinal bacteria maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis, protecting our organism against pathogens. The development of numerous inflammatory disorders and infections has been linked to altered gut bacterial composition or dysbiosis. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota. For instance, diet is considered as one of the many drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the lifetime. By contrast, alcohol is one of the many factors that disrupt the proper functioning of the gut, leading to a disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity that increases the permeability of the mucosa, with the final result of a disrupted mucosal immunity. This damage to the permeability of the intestinal membrane allows bacteria and their components to enter the blood tissue, reaching other organs such as the liver or the brain. Although chronic heavy drinking has harmful effects on the immune system cells at the systemic level, this review focuses on the effect produced on gut, brain and liver, because of their significance in the link between alcohol consumption, gut microbiota and the immune system.

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“…A study by Robinson et al, examining the impact of COVID-19 on a large sample of UK adults ( n = 2,002) during social lockdown showed that 82% reported an increase in the intake of unhealthy food ( 128 ). Furthermore, 36% of the participants reported an increase in alcohol intake compared to before lockdown which is known to cause disruption of the gut microbiome ( 129 ) by causing bacterial overgrowth ( 130 , 131 ) and hyper-permeability of the intestinal membrane (i.e., leaky gut) ( 132 ). In this regards, Pollard et al, also reported an increase in alcohol intake of 14% over the baseline in 2019 during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample that included 1,540 adults in the U.S. ( 133 ).…”

Section: Diet and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microbiome-Driven Approach to Combating Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ghannoum

Ford²,

Gamal

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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The significant stressors brought about and exacerbated by COVID-19 are associated with startling surges in mental health illnesses, specifically those related to depressive disorders. Given the huge impact of depression on society, and an incomplete understanding of impactful therapeutics, we have examined the current literature surrounding the microbiome and gut-brain axis to advance a potential complementary approach to address depression and depressive disorders that have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we understand that the impact of the human gut microbiome on emotional health is a newly emerging field and more research needs to be conducted, the current evidence is extremely promising and suggests at least part of the answer to understanding depression in more depth may lie within the microbiome. As a result of these findings, we propose that a microbiome-based holistic approach, which involves carefully annotating the microbiome and potential modification through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, may address depression. This paper's primary purpose is to shed light on the link between the gut microbiome and depression, including the gut-brain axis and propose a holistic approach to microbiome modification, with the ultimate goal of assisting individuals to manage their battle with depression through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, in addition to offering a semblance of hope during these challenging times.

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Meta-analysis of alcohol induced gut dysbiosis and the resulting behavioral impact

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

An Herbal Formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial

An Herbal Formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial

The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota

A Microbiome-Driven Approach to Combating Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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