Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs.

Dunlap, William P.; Cortina, José M.; Vaslow, Joel B.; Burke, Michael J.

doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.170

Cited by 1,535 publications

(1,147 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is important to note that although the repeated measures are correlated, the standardizer can be obtained by treating the cell variances as independent estimates of the population variances (Dunlap, Cortina, Vaslow, & Burke, 1996). Option B is consistent with the intent of the approach recommended by Glass et al (1981, p. 120) for calculating the standardizer.…”

Section: Within-subjects Designsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations

Olejnik¹,

Algina

2000

Contemporary Educational Psychology

578

370

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Although dissatisfaction with the limitations associated with tests for statistical significance has been growing for several decades, applied researchers have continued to rely almost exclusively on these indicators of effect when reporting their findings. To encourage an increased use of alternative measures of effect, the present paper discusses several measures of effect size that might be used in group comparison studies involving univariate and/or multivariate models. For the methods discussed, formulas are presented and data from an experimental study are used to demonstrate the application and interpretation of these indices. The paper concludes with some cautionary notes on the limitations associated with these measures of effect size.

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Section: Within-subjects Designsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations

Olejnik¹,

Algina

2000

Contemporary Educational Psychology

578

370

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“…The goal of the meta-analysis is to obtain a pure number (free of the original measurement unit), called the effect size, which is an index of the relation between treatment and outcome that can be compared across studies (for further detail see Rosenthal, 1991;Schulze, 2004;Wolf, 1986). The effect size used in this study is the standardized mean difference d as defined by Cohen (Cohen, 1977) applied to the correlated design (Dunlap, Cortina, Vaslow, and Burke, 1996). This is accomplished by standardizing the raw effect size expressed in the measurement unit of the dependent variable (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The t-test values for correlated observations (paired t-test) are larger than t values for independent observations (unpaired t-test) because the existence of the correlation between measures reduces the standard error of the difference between the means, making the difference across conditions more prominent. Dunlap et al (Dunlap et al, 1996) argue that this correlation does not change the size of the effect when it is calculated with the mean and the standard deviation of the mean. It simply makes the effect more noticeable.…”

Section: Meta-analyses Of Multiple Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, multiple experiments were sequentially conducted on the same subjects, we assumed in the analyses that each experiment was independent from the others since effects of treatments could vanish between experiments and additionally all birds were submitted in a counterbalanced manner to the same injections and behavioral tests. Furthermore, these data were analyzed with a method specially adapted for the computation of effect size in correlated designs suggested by the literature (Dunlap et al, 1996). All meta-analyses were also performed with the most conservative assumptions to avoid as much as possible the statistical risk of type I (rejecting a true null hypothesis).…”

Section: Meta-analyses Of Multiple Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Cornil

Taziaux

Baillien

et al. 2006

Hormones and Behavior

102

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Non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. Male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (POA). Brain aromatase activity (AA) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. Here, acute effects of Vorozole ™ , an aromatase inhibitor, injected IP at different doses and times before testing (between 15 and 60 min), were assessed on male sexual behavior in quail. To limit the risk of committing both types of statistical errors (I and II), data of all experiments were entered into a meta-analysis. Vorozole ™ significantly inhibited mount attempts (p<0.05, size effect [g]=0.527) and increased the latency to first copulation (p<0.05, g=0.251). The treatment had no effect on the other measures of copulatory behavior. Vorozole ™ also inhibited appetitive sexual behavior measured by the social proximity response (p<0.05, g=0.534) or rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (p<0.001, g=0.408). Behavioral inhibitions always reached a maximum at 30 min. Another aromatase inhibitor, androstatrienedione, induced a similar rapid inhibition of sphincter movements. Radioenzyme assays demonstrated that within 30 min Vorozole ™ had reached the POA and completely blocked AA measured in homogenates. When added to the extracellular milieu, Vorozole ™ also blocked within 5 min the AA in POA explants maintained in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate that aromatase inhibition rapidly decreases both consummatory and appetitive aspects of male sexual behavior.

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“…Results showed that moderate mean-level (Dunlap et al, 1996). YGPI = Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory.…”

Section: Mean-level Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Personality Trait Stability and Change Across Adolescence: Results From a Japanese Twin Sample

Kawamoto

Endo

2015

Twin Res Hum Genet

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We examined developmental trends and sources of stability and change in adolescent personality by using twin data collected from 1981 to 2010 (273 monozygotic (MZ) and 48 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs) from a secondary school affiliated with the University of Tokyo. Phenotypic analyses showed high rank-order stability and substantial mean-level increases in neuroticism and declines in extraversion over the adolescent years. Longitudinal bivariate genetic analyses revealed that the best-fitting model for adolescent personality includes additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences. Heritability estimates ranged approximately from 0.30 to 0.60. Additionally, three-year stability in adolescent personality was influenced mainly by genetic factors, and there were both genetic and environmental innovations in mid-adolescence. Our findings suggest that both genetic and environmental effects have significant roles in the etiology of personality development across adolescence.

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Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs.

Cited by 1,535 publications

References 31 publications

Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations

Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Personality Trait Stability and Change Across Adolescence: Results From a Japanese Twin Sample

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