Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Alegría, Analucía A.; Raduà, Joaquim; Rubia, Katya

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15081089

Cited by 155 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Second, our discussion compares children reported here and adolescents reported elsewhere (Alegria et al, 2016; Raschle et al, 2015; Rogers and De Brito, 2016). Such cross-sectional comparisons should inform, but cannot replace, future longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Alegria et al (2016) analyzed fMRI studies comparing youngsters (mean age 15 years) with or without disruptive behavior disorders. Participants with disorder had hypoactivation “in the rostro-dorsomedial, fronto-cingulate, and ventral striatal regions that mediate reward-based decision making”, very closely overlapping our Table 2 regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children’s brain activation during risky decision-making: A contributor to substance problems?

Crowley

Dalwani

Sakai

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Objective Among young children excessive externalizing behaviors often predict adolescent conduct and substance use disorders. Adolescents with those disorders show aberrant brain function when choosing between risky or cautious options. We therefore asked whether similarly aberrant brain function during risky decision-making accompanies excessive externalizing behaviors among children, hypothesizing an association between externalizing severity and regional intensity of brain activation during risky decision-making. Method Fifty-eight (58) 9–11 year-old children (both sexes), half community-recruited, half with substance-treated relatives, had parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing scores. During fMRI, children repeatedly chose between doing a cautious behavior earning 1 point or a risky behavior that won 5 or lost 10 points. Conservative permutation-based whole-brain regression analyses sought brain regions where, during decision-making, activation significantly associated with externalizing score, with sex, and with their interaction. Results Before risky responses higher externalizing scores were significantly, negatively associated with neural activation (t’s: 2.91 to 4.76) in regions including medial prefrontal cortex (monitors environmental reward-punishment schedules), insula (monitors internal motivating states, e.g., hunger, anxiety), dopaminergic striatal and midbrain structures (anticipate and mediate reward), and cerebellum (where injuries actually induce externalizing behaviors). Before cautious responses there were no significant externalizing: activation associations (except in post hoc exploratory analyses), no significant sex differences in activation, and no significant sex-by-externalizing interactions. Conclusions Among children displaying more externalizing behaviors extensive decision-critical brain regions were hypoactive before risky behaviors. Such neural hypoactivity may contribute to the excessive real-life risky decisions that often produce externalizing behaviors. Substance exposure, minimal here, was a very unlikely cause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s brain activation during risky decision-making: A contributor to substance problems?

Crowley

Dalwani

Sakai

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…36 However, the link here may not be causative but concurrent, given the role temporal poles play in regulating emotion processing in behavioral disorders. 37 We observed that some speech tasks and acoustic measures (such as timing metrics derived from the monologue, reading, DDK) were sensitive to speaker pathology, whereas others were disordered in both patients with bvFTD and healthy controls (e.g., hoarse voice, 75%; monopitch, 38%). If as suggested, speech tasks fit along a continuum of automaticity, 17 those tasks with increased cognitive load (e.g., unprepared monologue) should be more adversely affected by cognitive disorders where a motor impairment is not anticipated.…”

Section: -24mentioning

confidence: 84%

Motor speech signature of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

et al. 2017

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Objective: To provide a comprehensive description of motor speech function in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).Methods: Forty-eight individuals (24 bvFTD and 24 age-and sex-matched healthy controls) provided speech samples. These varied in complexity and thus cognitive demand. Their language was assessed using the Progressive Aphasia Language Scale and verbal fluency tasks. Speech was analyzed perceptually to describe the nature of deficits and acoustically to quantify differences between patients with bvFTD and healthy controls. Cortical thickness and subcortical volume derived from MRI scans were correlated with speech outcomes in patients with bvFTD.Results: Speech of affected individuals was significantly different from that of healthy controls. The speech signature of patients with bvFTD is characterized by a reduced rate (75%) and accuracy (65%) on alternating syllable production tasks, and prosodic deficits including reduced speech rate (45%), prolonged intervals (54%), and use of short phrases (41%). Groups differed on acoustic measures derived from the reading, unprepared monologue, and diadochokinetic tasks but not the days of the week or sustained vowel tasks. Variability of silence length was associated with cortical thickness of the inferior frontal gyrus and insula and speech rate with the precentral gyrus. Conclusions:One in 8 patients presented with moderate speech timing deficits with a further twothirds rated as mild or subclinical. Subtle but measurable deficits in prosody are common in bvFTD and should be considered during disease management. Language function correlated with speech timing measures derived from the unprepared monologue only. Neurology ® 2017;89:837-844 GLOSSARY ALS 5 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AMR 5 alternating motion rate; bvFTD 5 behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia; CBD 5 corticobasal degeneration; CI 5 confidence interval; DDK 5 diadochokinesis; FTD 5 frontotemporal dementia; lvPPA 5 logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia; nvPPA 5 nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia; PALS 5 Progressive Aphasia Language Scale; PPA 5 primary progressive aphasia; PSP 5 progressive supranuclear palsy; ROI 5 region of interest; SMR 5 sequential motion rate; svPPA 5 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.

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“…They confer considerable costs to society and are associated with relatively poor long-term prognoses. The meta-analytic review published in this issue (1) summarizes the findings of 24 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with these disorders and provides useful information regarding their pathophysiology. The authors conducted several meta-analyses of these studies: one omnibus analysis contrasting youth with disruptive behavior disorder/conduct problems across all tasks and then several sub-meta-analyses that examined group differences on tasks grouped according to whether they involved “hot” executive functioning, “cool” executive function or emotion processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Neurobiology of Disruptive Behavior Disorder

Blair¹

2016

AJP

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Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Cited by 155 publications

References 103 publications

Children’s brain activation during risky decision-making: A contributor to substance problems?

Children’s brain activation during risky decision-making: A contributor to substance problems?

Motor speech signature of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

The Neurobiology of Disruptive Behavior Disorder

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