Meta-Analysis of Human IgG anti-HEV Seroprevalence in Industrialized Countries and a Review of Literature

Capai, Lisandru; Falchi, Alessandra; Charrel, Rémi N.

doi:10.3390/v11010084

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Together with the scarcity of clinical cases, hallmark of a low incidence, and the low proportion of HEV IgG antibodies previously reported in blood donors [11], the low seroprevalence (raw and weighted) observed herein suggest that Reunion Island is a low endemic area for HEV transmission. Few HEV seroepidemiological studies have been conducted within general populations, as compared to studies among blood donors [[15], [16], [17]]. The figures observed in our study are in strong contrast with the seroprevalence averaging 25% in hyperendemic industrialized countries from the northern hemisphere, including France, Germany, the Netherlands and China [15,17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveHepatitis E virus (HEV) has been scarcely investigated in the Indian Ocean. Following a nationwide serosurvey among blood donors, we conducted a population-based serosurvey to assess the magnitude of HEV exposure on Reunion Island.MethodsFour hundred and sixty-six archived frozen human sera from the 2009 CoPanFlu-RUN cohort were analysed using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. HEV seropositivity was defined as an IgG titre ≥5 UI/ml. Raw and weighted seroprevalences were assessed to account for the discrepancy between the CoPanFlu-RUN subset and the general community. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) were measured using log-binomial models.ResultsThe raw and the weighted seroprevalences of HEV were 9.01% (95% CI 6.41–11.61) and 6.73% (95% CI 4.47–8.98), respectively. The presence of HEV IgG antibodies was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001). In a survey-adjusted model minimizing the sampling bias and adjusting for age, males were more likely to be seropositive than females (adjusted PPR 2.59, 95% CI 1.07–6.25). Seropositivity was spatially heterogeneous across the island (P < 0.01). Living in the neighbourhood of a pig farm within a low to intermediate slope area was associated with seropositivity in several models adjusting for age, gender, altitude of residency and interaction between slope and pig farms.ConclusionReunion Island is a low endemic area for HEV exposure. Despite limitations related to the retrospective study design, our findings confirm the roles of cumulative lifetime exposure and male gender in HEV exposure. The risk associated with neighbouring pig farms might also suggest environmental contamination in this setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island

et al. 2019

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“…allows the recovery of viral antigens under native conditions using expression system in mammalian cells, limiting therefore this issue (Burbelo et al, 2010). Since it was impossible to obtain any positive control, and therefore to assess the analytical sensitivity of LIPS assay for each of the targeted antigens, we have successfully validated the protocol using the same approach targeting Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a prevalent zoonotic virus in France (Capai et al, 2019). Briefly, recombinant viral antigens expressing the external domain of the capsid of HEV were produced and further used for screening of French human sera by LIPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

et al. 2019

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Emerging zoonoses caused by previously unknown agents are one of the most important challenges for human health because of their inherent inability to be predictable, conversely to emergences caused by previously known agents that could be targeted by routine surveillance programs. Emerging zoonotic infections either originate from increasing contacts between wildlife and human populations, or from the geographical expansion of hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors, this latter being more capable to impact large-scale human populations. While characterizing the viral communities from candidate vectors in high-risk geographical areas is a necessary initial step, the need to identify which viruses are able to spill over and those restricted to their hosts has recently emerged. We hypothesized that currently unknown tick-borne arboviruses could silently circulate in specific biotopes where mammals are highly exposed to tick bites, and implemented a strategy that combined high-throughput sequencing with broad-range serological techniques to both identify novel arboviruses and tick-specific viruses in a ticks/mammals interface in Thailand. The virome of Thai ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Haemaphysalis genera identified numerous viruses, among which several viruses could be candidates for future emergence as regards to their phylogenetic relatedness with known tick-borne arboviruses. Luciferase immunoprecipitation system targeting external viral proteins of viruses identified among the Orthomyxoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Chuviridae families was used to screen human and cattle Thai populations highly exposed to tick bites. Although no positive serum was detected for any of the six viruses selected, suggesting that these viruses are not infecting these vertebrates, or at very low prevalence (upper estimate 0.017% and 0.047% in humans and cattle, respectively), the virome of Thai ticks presents an extremely rich viral diversity, among which novel tick-borne arboviruses are probably hidden and could pose a public health concern if they emerge. The strategy developed in this pilot study, starting from the inventory of viral communities of hematophagous arthropods to end by the identification of viruses able (or likely unable) to infect vertebrates, is the first step in the prediction of putative new emergences and could easily be transposed to other reservoirs/vectors/susceptible hosts interfaces.

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“…In Europe, the reported seroprevalence in the general population or in blood donors is highly variable, ranging between 6.1% and 52.5% (Mansuy et al, 2011;Capai et al, 2019); some hyperendemic areas with high seroprevalence have been described (Müller and Koch, 2015;Zaaijer, 2015;Adlhoch et al, 2016;Mansuy et al, 2016;Bura et al, 2017). The different seroprevalence values reported in different countries or regions of the same country may partially depend on different assays used (Norder et al, 2016;Sommerkorn et al, 2017) or on dietary habits such as consumption of raw meat (Slot et al, 2017) or raw dried pig liver sausages (Lucarelli et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of HEV Genotype 3 in Italy at Human/Animal Interface

et al. 2020

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging public health issue in industrialized countries. In the last decade the number of autochthonous human infections has increased in Europe. Genotype 3 (HEV-3) is typically zoonotic, being foodborne the main route of transmission to humans, and is the most frequently detected in Europe in both humans and animals (mainly pigs and wild boars). In Italy, the first autochthonous human case was reported in 1999; since then, HEV-3 has been widely detected in both humans and animals. Despite the zoonotic characteristic of HEV-3 is well established, the correlation between animal and human strains has been poorly investigated in Italy. In the present study, we compared the subtype distribution of HEV-3 in humans and animals (swine and wild boar) in the period 2000-2018 from Italy. The dataset for this analysis included a total of 96 Italian ORF2 sequences (300 nt long), including both NCBI databasederived (n = 64) and recent sequences (2016-2018, n = 32) obtained in this study. The results show that subtype 3f is the most frequent in humans and pigs, followed by the HEV-3e, HEV-3c and other unassignable HEV-3 strains. Diversely, in wild boar a wider group of HEV-3 subtypes have been detected, including HEV-3a, which has also been detected for the first time in a human patient in Central Italy in 2017, and a wide group of unassignable HEV-3 strains. The phylogenetic analysis including, besides Italian strains, also sequences from other countries retrieved from the NCBI database, indicated that human Italian sequences, in particular those of HEV-3f and HEV-3e, form significant clusters mainly with sequences of animal origin from the same country. Nevertheless, for HEV-3c, rarely detected in Italian pigs, human sequences from Italy are more correlated to human sequences from other European countries. Furthermore, clusters of nearidentical human strains identified in a short time interval in Lazio Region (Central Italy) can be recognized in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that multiple infections originating from a common source have occurred, and confirming the importance of sequencing support to HEV surveillance.

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Meta-Analysis of Human IgG anti-HEV Seroprevalence in Industrialized Countries and a Review of Literature

Cited by 39 publications

References 109 publications

Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island

Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

Molecular Characterization of HEV Genotype 3 in Italy at Human/Animal Interface

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