Meta-Analysis of Measures of Sexual Activity and Prostate Cancer

Dennis, Leslie K.; Dawson, Deborah V.

doi:10.1097/00001648-200201000-00012

Cited by 231 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, population studies have revealed an increased relative risk for development of prostate cancer in men with a prior history of sexually transmitted infections (Dennis and Dawson, 2002). These findings support the hypothesis that an infectious agent can be a potential cofactor in prostate cancer development.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

No link between viral findings in the prostate and subsequent cancer development

et al. 2006

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In an investigation of 201 prostate tissue samples from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia that later progressed to prostate cancer and 201 matched controls that did not, there were no differences in the prevalence of adenovirus, herpesvirus, papilloma virus, polyoma virus and Candida albicans DNA. (Palapattu et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2005). Moreover, population studies have revealed an increased relative risk for development of prostate cancer in men with a prior history of sexually transmitted infections (Dennis and Dawson, 2002). These findings support the hypothesis that an infectious agent can be a potential cofactor in prostate cancer development. Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) and the polyoma viruses JCV and BKV represent viruses with proven linkage to different human cancers and have been traced in prostate cancer tissues (Grinstein et al, 2002;Zambrano et al, 2002). To further evaluate if a viral infection could contribute to prostate cancer development, we conducted a case -control study of 402 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), of which 201 later progressed to prostate cancer. We examined whether the presence of genetic traces of EBV, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, HPV, polyoma viruses BKV and JCV and Candida albicans in the prostate correlate with histological inflammation and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODSA case -control study of 402 archival prostate tissue samples obtained during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) collected at the Department of Pathology at the University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå was conducted as described previously Bergh et al, 2006). Briefly, tissues were obtained from men with BPH (median age 64, range 51 -71), fixed in formalin, paraffin-embedded and stored at room temperature until tested. A total of 201 men developed prostate cancer at least 6 months after the TURP. For each case, a control was randomly selected from a cohort of patients that did not develop prostate cancer. The case -control pairs were matched for year of birth, residence and year of TURP. Histological inflammation was graded as mild or severe as described . DNA from prostate tissue was purified and checked for integrity as described . Nested PCR assays were used for all the assays except HPV and C. albicans PCRs. Primers and PCR protocols for adenovirus (Allard et al, 2001), CMV (Brytting et al, 1991), EBV (Meyohas et al, 1996), HSV1 and 2 (Aurelius et al, 1991) and HPV (de Roda Husman et al, 1995) were used with minor modifications. Primers for the polyoma viruses JCV and BKV and C. albicans were designed according to published sequence information (Table 1). To verify the positive PCR findings, PCR products were purified with QIAquick Purification Kit protocol (Qiagen s , Hilden, Germany) and directly sequenced in the ABI PRISM 3700 DNA ANALYSER (AME Bioscience, Toroed, Norway) using the Big Dyet Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit 1.1 (Applied Biosystems, Forster City, CA, US...

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supporting

confidence: 62%

No link between viral findings in the prostate and subsequent cancer development

et al. 2006

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“…Most studies adjusted for age, but none adjusted for sexual activity. Since an increased number of sexual partners and history of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) appear to be related to prostate cancer 9,17,21,22,35 but likely inversely related to having a vasectomy, this would cause negative confounding. The potential negative confounding would suggest that the pooled RR reported here is underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis examining vasectomy status, age at vasectomy, and time since vasectomy

Dennis

Dawson

Resnick³

2002

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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The aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative review of prostate cancer studies to pool relative risk (RR) estimates on the association between prostate cancer and vasectomy, in an attempt to determine whether there is an association, and if so, its magnitude. Random-effects models were examined along with a linear model for time since vasectomy. The pooled RR estimate was 1.37 (95% CI ¼ 1.15 -1.62) based on five cohort studies and 17 case -control studies. The RR estimate varied by study design with the lowest risk for population-based casecontrol studies. No difference was seen in risk by age at vasectomy. A linear trend based on the 16 studies reporting time since vasectomy suggested an 10% increase for each additional 10 y or a RR of 1.32 (95% CI ¼ 1.17 -1.50) for 30 y since vasectomy. When null effects were assumed for the six studies not reporting information, the linear RR for the 22 studies was 1.07 (1.03 -1.11) and 1.23 (1.11 -1.37) for 10 and 30 y since vasectomy, respectively. These results suggest that men with a prior vasectomy may be at an increased risk of prostate cancer, however, the increase may not be causal since potential bias cannot be discounted. The overall association was small and therefore could be explained by bias. The latency effect shown here for time since vasectomy should be examined further.

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Overall, there is some suggestion from previous studies of an increased risk of prostate cancer with increased sexual frequency. 2 Reliability of sexual frequency in previous studies is unclear. In addition, only three previous studies looked at sexual frequency at different time periods and none looked at a potential lifetime cumulative effect.…”

Section: Reliability Of Sexual Historiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…15 A meta-analysis of prostate cancer and sexual activity found an increased risk of prostate cancer related to sexually transmitted infections, which was also supported by a weak but significant linear trend with increasing number of sexual partners. 2 If studies summarized in the meta-analysis suffered from nondifferential misclassification (random error) of sexual activity due to poor measurement, then the ORs reported would underestimate the association. If such were the case, then the statistically significant pooled OR of 1.2 for an increase in 20 partners 2 may actually be higher.…”

Section: Reliability Of Sexual Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis found an increased risk (RR ¼ 1.4) of prostate cancer with sexually transmitted infections and a suggestion of an increased risk with more frequent sexual activity. 2 However, the association with sexually transmitted infections could be due to a reporting bias in controls if they under-report socially undesirable items. Other measures of sexual activity may have nondifferential measurement bias due to random measurement error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate cancer and consistency of reporting sexual histories in men over age 50

Dennis

Ritchie

Resnick

2005

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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We conducted an in-person interview to examine the reliability of reported sexual histories among men over age 50 y with and without prostate cancer. Marriage and cohabitation were used as memory cues to recall sexual activity. High correlations on test-retest for questions evaluating sexual histories suggest reliable answers for most factors, and specifically for age at first sexual activity, and lifetime number of sexual partners. Low correlations were seen for ill-defined and socially undesirable items. These data suggest that men consistently report most measures of sexual activity when using marriage and cohabitation as memory cues to recall sexual histories.

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Meta-Analysis of Measures of Sexual Activity and Prostate Cancer

Cited by 231 publications

References 38 publications

No link between viral findings in the prostate and subsequent cancer development

No link between viral findings in the prostate and subsequent cancer development

Vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis examining vasectomy status, age at vasectomy, and time since vasectomy

Prostate cancer and consistency of reporting sexual histories in men over age 50

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