Meta-analysis of New Zealand's nitrous oxide emission factors for ruminant excreta supports disaggregation based on excreta form, livestock type and slope class

Weerden, Tony J. van der; Noble, Alasdair; Luo, Jiafa; Klein, Cecile A. M. de; Saggar, Surinder; Giltrap, Donna; Gibbs, Jim; Rys, G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139235

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Countries like New Zealand have advanced in disaggregating EF by type of livestock (bovines and sheep), type of excreta (feces and urine) and climate (wet and dry). In this country, EF for urine and feces are 1 and 0.25% respectively, and both have been implemented in the national inventory of agricultural greenhouse gases (van der Weerden et al, 2020). New Zealand values, applied to all major classes of livestock (sheep, cattle, and deer), are similar to those found by Chadwick et al (2018) in studies in the United Kingdom (average urine and feces of 0.69 and 0.19%, respectively) and Ireland where EF of 1.18 and 0.31% have been found for these two emission sources, respectively (Krol et al, 2016).…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Feces and Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Rivera

Chará

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Cattle production systems are an important source of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted to the atmosphere. Animal manure and managed soils are the most important sources of emissions from livestock after enteric methane. It is estimated that the N2O and CH4 produced in grasslands and manure management systems can contribute up to 25% of the emissions generated at the farm level, and therefore it is important to identify strategies to reduce the fluxes of these gases, especially in grazing systems where mitigation strategies have received less attention. This review describes the main factors that affect the emission of GHG from manure in bovine systems and the main strategies for their mitigation with emphasis on grazing production systems. The emissions of N2O and CH4 are highly variable and depend on multiple factors, which makes it difficult to use strategies that mitigate both gases simultaneously. We found that strategies such as the optimization of the diet, the implementation of silvopastoral systems and other practices with the capacity to improve soil quality and cover, and the use of nitrogen fixing plants are among the practices with more potential to reduce emissions from manure and at the same time contribute to increase carbon capture and improve food production. These strategies can be implemented to reduce the emissions of both gases and, depending on the method used and the production system, the reductions can reach up to 50% of CH4 or N2O emissions from manure according to different studies. However, many research gaps should be addressed in order to obtain such reductions at a larger scale.

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Section: Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Feces and Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Rivera

Chará

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…The major differences in the updated values and those reported by the IPCC (IPCC, 2019) are due to the inclusion of more recent studies. Given the large difference in N 2 O emissions for urine and dung, disaggregation of EFs into dung and urine has been promoted over recent years (e.g., Chadwick et al, 2018;de Klein et al, 2001;Krol et al, 2016;van der Weerden et al, 2011van der Weerden et al, , 2020. This would provide a more accurate assessment of N 2 O emissions from animal excreta deposited during grazing.…”

Section: Cattle and Sheep Urine And Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies aimed to develop country-specific EFs and typically have a specific focus on geographical range or agricultural source. Examples include the development of Netherlands-specific NH 3 and N 2 O EFs for agriculture (Lagerwerf et al, 2019), United Kingdom-specific NH 3 and N 2 O EFs for manure application (Thorman et al, 2020), and New Zealand-specific N 2 O EFs for livestock grazing (van der Weerden et al, 2020). However, many countries continue to rely on the IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for GHG reporting due to a lack of country-specific information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land‐applied manure

et al. 2021

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Manure application to land and deposition of urine and dung by grazing animals are major sources of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Using data on NH3 and N2O emissions following land‐applied manures and excreta deposited during grazing, emission factors (EFs) disaggregated by climate zone were developed, and the effects of mitigation strategies were evaluated. The NH3 data represent emissions from cattle and swine manures in temperate wet climates, and the N2O data include cattle, sheep, and swine manure emissions in temperate wet/dry and tropical wet/dry climates. The NH3 EFs for broadcast cattle solid manure and slurry were 0.03 and 0.24 kg NH3–N kg–1 total N (TN), respectively, whereas the NH3 EF of broadcast swine slurry was 0.29. Emissions from both cattle and swine slurry were reduced between 46 and 62% with low‐emissions application methods. Land application of cattle and swine manure in wet climates had EFs of 0.005 and 0.011 kg N2O–N kg–1 TN, respectively, whereas in dry climates the EF for cattle manure was 0.0031. The N2O EFs for cattle urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0095 and 0.002 kg N2O–N kg–1 TN, respectively, which were three times greater than for dry climates. The N2O EFs for sheep urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0043 and 0.0005, respectively. The use of nitrification inhibitors reduced emissions in swine manure, cattle urine/dung, and sheep urine by 45–63%. These enhanced EFs can improve national inventories; however, more data from poorly represented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) are needed.

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“…Hence, urine patch N dynamics form the basis for a large body of research, especially in countries where pasture based ruminant production represents an important component of their total N 2 O emissions (e.g. New Zealand 3 and Ireland 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, GWN, UK. 3 Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 4 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Charteris

Marsden

Evans

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In grazing systems, urine patches deposited by livestock are hotspots of nutrient cycling and the most important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Studies of the effects of urine deposition, including, for example, the determination of country-specific N2O emission factors, require natural urine for use in experiments and face challenges obtaining urine of the same composition, but of differing concentrations. Yet, few studies have explored the importance of storage conditions and processing of ruminant urine for use in subsequent gaseous emission experiments. We conducted three experiments with sheep urine to determine optimal storage conditions and whether partial freeze-drying could be used to concentrate the urine, while maintaining the constituent profile and the subsequent urine-derived gaseous emission response once applied to soil. We concluded that filtering of urine prior to storage, and storage at − 20 °C best maintains the nitrogen-containing constituent profile of sheep urine samples. In addition, based on the 14 urine chemical components determined in this study, partial lyophilisation of sheep urine to a concentrate represents a suitable approach to maintain the constituent profile at a higher overall concentration and does not alter sheep urine-derived soil gaseous emissions.

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Meta-analysis of New Zealand's nitrous oxide emission factors for ruminant excreta supports disaggregation based on excreta form, livestock type and slope class

Cited by 39 publications

References 57 publications

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

Ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land‐applied manure

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

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