Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in ADHD Symptoms and Associated Cognitive Deficits

Carbonneau, Maryanne Loyer; Demers, Martin; Bigras, Marc; Guay, Marie‐Claude

doi:10.1177/1087054720923736

Cited by 77 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Neurodevelopmental disorders are more common in boys than in girls, 12 but it is also known that neurodevelopmental problems have a less salient pattern in girls than in boys, and so can go undetected for a longer time. 30 A previous study of adolescents seeking MBS found more boys than girls with ADHD, 11 that is more in line with findings from population samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity

et al. 2020

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Aim To assess the prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents with severe obesity and their associations with binge eating and depression. Methods Data were collected at inclusion in a randomised study of bariatric surgery in 48 adolescents (73% girls; mean age 15.7 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index 42.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their adolescents’ symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder and reported earlier diagnoses. Patients answered self‐report questionnaires on binge eating and depressive symptoms. Results The parents of 26/48 adolescents (54%) reported scores above cut‐off for symptoms of the targeted disorders in their adolescents, but only 15% reported a diagnosis, 32% of adolescents reported binge eating, and 20% reported symptoms of clinical depression. No significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental problems and binge eating or depressive symptoms. Only a third of the adolescents reported no problems in either area. Conclusion Two thirds of adolescents seeking surgical weight loss presented with substantial mental health problems (reported by themselves or their parents). This illustrates the importance of a multi‐professional approach and the need to screen for and treat mental health disorders in adolescents with obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity

et al. 2020

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“…It has also been suggested that sleep spindle abnormalities are an endophenotype of schizophrenia (51,54). Moreover, these disorders can be characterized with cognitive impairments as well (55)(56)(57). It has been demonstrated that sleep spindles and cognitive function are strongly associated (58,59), and as such, sleep spindle abnormalities might provide a key to interpreting cognitive malfunction (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical relocation of adolescent sleep spindles reveals a new maturational pattern in the human brain

Gombos

Bódizs

Pótári

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Current theories of human neural development and brain maturation emphasize the posterior-to-anterior or back-to-front pattern as an unequivocal ontogenetic feature that is largely due to the late maturing frontal lobes. The back-to-front pattern has received substantial support from both anatomical and electrophysiological studies, the latter looking at the age-related changes in the topography of sleep slow waves. However, the above scenario of a unidirectional developmental and anatomical route disregards the major hub of the so-called default-mode network, which is a human-specific and late maturing neural structure of the brain, undergoing significant differentiation during adolescence: the precuneus. In order to understand how the late maturation of the precuneus might modify the presently accepted large-scale maturational pattern of the human brain, here we focus on sleep spindles that are known to be involved in neural plasticity with major sources in the precuneus in adults. We provide evidence for the posteriorization in the prevailing anatomical localization of fast sleep spindles. The predominantly central maxima in density and amplitude of fast spindles at the age of 12 years becomes gradually shifted to the parietal regions until the age of 20. Similar changes, albeit at a smaller anatomical distance take place in terms of fast sleep spindle frequency. These findings indicate a front-to-back pattern of brain maturation and correspond with reports on an increased differentiation of the precuneus during adolescence.

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“…Second, we did not test for sex differences in the interactive effects of ADHD PGS and maltreatment given that our investigation was likely underpowered to do so. There are clear sex differences in the prevalence of ADHD (e.g., Carbonneau et al 45 ), and while Martin et al 46 recently showed no differences in mean ADHD PGS between males and female cases in the PGC, iPSYCH, as well as a registry-based Swedish sample, it remains unknown whether there may be sex-specific ADHD PGS x environment interactions for ADHD. Third, both ADHD symptoms and maltreatment were retrospectively reported when individuals were young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Low Polygenic Scores Buffer the Effects of Maltreatment? A Polygene-Environment Interaction Study of ADHD

He¹,

Li²

2021

Preprint

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Objective: This study explored whether maltreatment moderates the association of polygenic risk for ADHD. Because individuals with low polygenic scores (PGS) for ADHD were previously shown to have better than expected functional outcomes (i.e., cognitive, mental health, social-emotional) than individuals with middle or high ADHD PGS, we hypothesized that low ADHD PGS may possible confer a protective effect against maltreatment in the development of ADHD. Method: Data were from participants with phenotypic and genotypic data in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n=4,722), which was used to examine the effects of ADHD PGS, maltreatment, and their interaction on childhood ADHD symptoms. ADHD PGS were generated from the most recent genome-wide association study on ADHD and categorized into three groups (i.e., low, medium, high) using empirically determined cut-points. A maltreatment factor score was derived from five forms of self-reported maltreatment experiences prior to age 18. Results: ADHD PGS and maltreatment were positively associated with ADHD symptoms, as expected. However, we did not detect an interaction between ADHD PGS and maltreatment on ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the increase in predictive power afforded by PGS, the lack of an interaction between ADHD PGS and maltreatment on ADHD symptoms converges with an emerging body of psychiatric PGS studies that have also failed to detect polygenic-environment interplay on psychiatric outcomes. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern of results and offer alternative methods for future research in revealing important polygenic-environment interactions for ADHD.

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Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in ADHD Symptoms and Associated Cognitive Deficits

Cited by 77 publications

References 103 publications

High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity

High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity

Topographical relocation of adolescent sleep spindles reveals a new maturational pattern in the human brain

Do Low Polygenic Scores Buffer the Effects of Maltreatment? A Polygene-Environment Interaction Study of ADHD

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