Meta‐analytic evidence that attachment insecurity is associated with less frequent experiences of discrete positive emotions

Abstract

ObjectiveIndividual differences in attachment insecurity can have important implications for experiences of positive emotions. However, existing research on the link between attachment insecurity and positive emotional experiences has typically used a composite measure of positive emotions, overlooking the potential importance of differentiating discrete emotions.MethodWe conducted a meta‐analysis of 10 cross‐sectional samples (N = 3215), examining how attachment insecurity is associated with self‐reported frequency of experiencing positive emotions, with a distinction made between more social (i.e., love and gratitude) and less social (i.e., peace and awe or curiosity) positive emotions.ResultsHigh (vs. low) levels of both attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with less frequent experience of positive emotions regardless of their social relevance. When analyzing each emotion separately, we found that attachment anxiety showed negative relations to all emotions except gratitude. Attachment avoidance was negatively associated with all emotions, and the link was even stronger with love (vs. peace, awe, or curiosity). Additional analyses of daily diary data revealed that attachment anxiety and avoidance were also negatively associated with daily experiences of positive emotions, regardless of social relevance.ConclusionOur results underscore the need to further investigate the mechanisms underlying insecure individuals' blunted positive emotional experiences.

Attachment Representations and Emotions in Teaching as Antecedents to Teaching Styles in Higher Education

“…Attachment security has been related not only to greater facility with regulating one's emotions, but also a greater likelihood of experiencing positive emotions in one's relationships (Park et al, 2022), both of which may facilitate a more student-centered approach to teaching in higher education. A thorough introduction to attachment theory is beyond the scope of this paper (for comprehensive reviews, see Cassidy & Shaver, 2008;.…”

What elicits love and gratitude? A cross-cultural comparison between the U.S., China, and Chile

“…Extensive research has shown that love can exert a profound influence across multiple aspects of life, including our mindsets (Fredrickson, 2004), close relationships (Y. Park et al, 2022), physical health (Pressman & Cohen, 2005), and lifestyles (Van Cappellen et al, 2018). Overall, love is regarded as one of the most crucial emotions in promoting long-term well-being and happiness (Fredrickson, 2014;Zhou et al, 2022).…”