“…The cause might be unique characteristics of each territory Mason & Brown, 2013;Martin & Sunley, 2003), while extant methodologies tested sets of factors expected to bring similar effects in heterogeneous locations. Following the recommendation by Acs et al (2017) as well as , we adopted extant models of regional governance as canvas to identify various profiles of regional EEs (Markusen, 1996;Sturgeon, 2003;Guerrieri & Pietrobelli, 2004;Simsek, Heavey, & Fox, 2017;Law et al, 1998). The models were revisited and evaluated based on the advancements in the regional development literature.…”