Meta-Geopolitics of Outer Space

Al-Rodhan, Nayef R. F.

doi:10.1057/9781137016652

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Al-Rodhan (2009) highlighted that in assessing a state’s foreign policy towards another, one needs to see how the state sees itself, and how it sees historical experiences shared with other states. This section demonstrates how Indonesia’s relations with the USA today is shaped by organisational behaviour, which is reflected in the unchanging and fixed interpretation of the Free and Active ( Bebas Aktif ) foreign policy principle.…”

Section: Indonesia–usa Relations: Static Interpretation Of Indonesia’s Free and Active Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

Tiola

2021

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

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This article examines Indonesia’s perceptions, strategies and policies towards the USA and China under the presidencies of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014) and Joko Widodo’s first term and early second term (2014–2020). It argues that on a strategic level, Indonesia’s behaviours are in line with structural realist principles, where it adopts a prudent approach of maintaining its strategic autonomy. However, deviations from structural realism are identified in the operationalisation of this strategy into specific foreign and security policies. This article explains such deviations by employing Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow’s models of decision-making, and argues that such suboptimal policies are driven by two domestic political factors, namely, organisational behaviour and governmental politics. Specifically, the article highlights two key tendencies: (a) that policy makers tend to stick to some a priori guidelines within their organisations, despite changes in external pressures; and (b) that policies tend to be by-products of competition between government organisations. In Indonesia–China relations, these tendencies are most apparent in Indonesia’s approach in the South China Sea, where policies and narratives articulated by the government have been largely stagnant, despite increased intensity of China’s activities in Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone. With regard to the USA, these factors manifest in the lack of tangible progress in defence and security cooperation between the two countries, due to a static interpretation of Indonesia’s Free and Active foreign policy maxim.

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Section: Indonesia–usa Relations: Static Interpretation Of Indonesia’s Free and Active Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

Tiola

2021

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

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“…How is it possible to make the best use of promising new opportunities, and at the same time contain existing and potential future threats?" [2]. On the other hand, space has been considered as one of the most focused emerging areas in foreign relations.…”

Section: Geo Communication Satellitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, space has been considered as one of the most focused emerging areas in foreign relations. Nayef [2] describes the new role of space: "as the world became more globalized, and with the development of advanced technologies for air and space power, space has emerged as another determinant or criterion of political relationships. "…”

Section: Geo Communication Satellitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nayef [2] describes the importance of national space programs: "…as applied to space, it means that domestic politics, the economic situation, demographic trends, health and social conditions, access to natural resources, vulnerability to natural disasters, the availability of a highly skilled workforce and technological know-how, national military and security considerations, as well as diplomatic leverage will together determine the importance a state gives to a national space programme".…”

Section: Geo Communication Satellitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical space steps of Turkey: It is high time to establish the Turkish space agency

Ercan

Kale

2017

Acta Astronautica

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This paper discusses the importance of space in today's space driven world, the current space activities of Turkey, its space organizations with legislation background information and calls for the necessity for the establishment of the Turkish Space Agency (TSA). Firstly, the importance of space is given which is followed by a brief background and current space activities in Turkey. Then, the answers to why Turkey needs a National Space Agency are outlined by stating its expected role and duties. Additionally, the framework for space policy for Turkey is proposed and the findings are compared with other developing regional space actors. Lastly, it is proposed and demonstrated that Turkey is on the right track with its space policy and it is suggested that the establishment of the TSA is critical both for a coherent space policy and progress as well as the successful development of its national space industry, security and international space relations.

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Empty Spaces in Space

Fabrykowska¹

2019

Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

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Meta-Geopolitics of Outer Space

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

Historical space steps of Turkey: It is high time to establish the Turkish space agency

Empty Spaces in Space

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