Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Yadollahie, Mahboobeh; Habibzadeh, Parham

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0526-0_7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a result, in both PRHs, the hydrophilicity of the polymer chains and the electrostatic repulsion between the chains are enhanced, causing the polymer network to swell. pH variations can occur in the body due to certain diseases such as chronic wounds, inflammation, cancer, and tumors, which are used for targeted drug delivery to specific organs and tissues [ 42 ]. Recently, drug-loaded PLGA/Eudragit S100 coatings were deposited on stainless steel microneedles (MNs) for smart release of encapsulated therapeutics in response to wound pH levels to enhance the wound-healing process ( Figure 2 A,B) [ 43 ].…”

Section: Ph-responsive Hydrogels (Prhs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

Bordbar‐Khiabani

Gasik

2022

IJMS

167

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Since the last few decades, the development of smart hydrogels, which can respond to stimuli and adapt their responses based on external cues from their environments, has become a thriving research frontier in the biomedical engineering field. Nowadays, drug delivery systems have received great attention and smart hydrogels can be potentially used in these systems due to their high stability, physicochemical properties, and biocompatibility. Smart hydrogels can change their hydrophilicity, swelling ability, physical properties, and molecules permeability, influenced by external stimuli such as pH, temperature, electrical and magnetic fields, light, and the biomolecules’ concentration, thus resulting in the controlled release of the loaded drugs. Herein, this review encompasses the latest investigations in the field of stimuli-responsive drug-loaded hydrogels and our contribution to this matter.

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Section: Ph-responsive Hydrogels (Prhs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

Bordbar‐Khiabani

Gasik

2022

IJMS

167

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“…Metabolic acidosis-alkalosis, respiratory acidosis-alkalosis, and other less prevalent acid-base disorders can be obscured because of the underlying diseases, necessitating a precise identification of the primary acid-base abnormality for appropriate intervention. For instance, respiratory compensatory mechanisms are activated in mixed acidosis to counterbalance metabolic acidosis [ 1 - 3 ]. It results in an elevation of the respiratory rate, leading to a reduction in blood pCO 2 levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Feasibility of Calculating Expected pCO2 From Venous Blood Gas Samples Alone in Intensive Care Patients

Turhan¹,

Tutan²,

Şahiner³

2023

Cureus

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Introduction This study highlights the significance of assessing acid-base balance and gas exchange in intensive care patients. The research investigates the applicability of using the "expected (pCO 2 = HCO 3 + 15)" formula, derived from venous blood gas samples, as an alternative to Winter's formula and practical formula. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying the primary acid-base abnormality accurately and efficiently for appropriate clinical intervention in critically ill patients. Methods This study included 400 adult patients admitted to the Anesthesia Clinic in the Third Stage Anesthesia and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit at Hitit University Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital between April 2020 and July 2023. Blood gas samples were collected simultaneously from both arterial lines and venous catheters. Patients under 18 years, pregnant women, hemodialysis patients, and those with missing data were excluded. The study aimed to calculate the expected partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) values using Winter's formula and simple formula for both arterial and venous blood gas samples and assess potential correlations between them. Results The results showed a narrow range for arterial pH values (7.12-7.72), a wider distribution for pCO 2 values (17.90-81.30 mmHg), and a moderate dispersion for HCO 3 values (12.80-44.33 mmol/L). Both Winter's and simple formulas were applied to estimate the expected pCO 2 values, showing strong positive correlations between arterial and venous pH, pCO 2 , and HCO 3 values. The scatterplot illustrated a very high level of association (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 1) between the expected pCO 2 values derived from both formulas using arterial and venous blood gas samples. Conclusion The clinical study demonstrates that estimating expected pCO 2 values in mixed acid-base disorders can be achieved using a simple and convenient formulation, eliminating the need for arterial blood gas sampling and its associated complications.

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Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

Smart Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

Exploring the Feasibility of Calculating Expected pCO2 From Venous Blood Gas Samples Alone in Intensive Care Patients

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