Metabolic adaptations of mullet Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) with special reference to energy utilization

Kutty, M N; Mohamed, M Peer

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(75)90003-4

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Traditionally, NQ has been calculated from the sum of ammonia-N + urea-N excretion. On this basis, protein has been estimated to contribute 14-36% in fasted salmonids (Brett and Zala, 1975;Wiggs et al, 1989;Lauff and Wood, 1996a,b;Alsop and Wood, 1997;Kieffer et al, 1998), with similar values usually determined in other species (16-34%; Kutty and Peer Mohamed, 1975;Jobling, 1980;Alsop et al, 1999). Values may increase greatly, sometimes close to 100%, in actively feeding fish (reviewed by Wood, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: The effect of feeding and fasting on the excretion of ammonia, urea and other nitrogenous waste products in rainbow trout

Kajimura

Croke

Glover

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Ammonia and urea are the primary forms of nitrogen excretion in teleost fish. There exists, however, a discrepancy between the sum of ammonia plus urea nitrogen and total nitrogen, indicating that `unknown' nitrogen end products may play an important role in nitrogen metabolism. The current study analysed a wide range of nitrogen end products in both fed and fasted juvenile rainbow trout. Ammonia-N (53–68%) and urea-N (6–10%) were confirmed as the most important forms of nitrogenous waste, but an interesting finding was the considerable excretion of nitrogen as amino acids(4–10%), via the gills, and as protein (3–11%), probably via the body mucus. Use of anal sutures delineated an important role for the gastrointestinal tract in the production of ammonia-N and urea-N in fed fish, but amino acid-N and protein-N output by this route were both negligible. Alternative nitrogen products – trimethylamine,trimethylamine oxide, uric acid, and nitrite + nitrate – were not excreted in detectable quantities. Creatine-N and creatinine-N outputs were detected but contributed only a small fraction to total nitrogen excretion(<1.4%). Despite the wide scope of nitrogenous end products investigated, a considerable proportion (12–20%) of nitrogen excretion remains unknown. Possible alternative end products and methodological considerations are proposed to explain this phenomenon. The findings described above were used to recalculate the nitrogen quotient(NQ=ṀN/ṀO2)on trout that had been either fasted or fed various daily rations (1%, 3% or 5% dry food per unit wet body mass per day). Feeding increased oxygen consumption (ṀO2)and total-N excretion (ṀN). The NQ is often used as a measure of protein utilisation in aerobic metabolism and assumes that all protein (and amino acid) fuels are converted by oxidation to nitrogenous waste products that are excreted. However, the results showed that calculation of the NQ based on total nitrogen excretion may overestimate protein utilisation in aerobic metabolism because of significant excretion of N in the form of proteins and amino acids, whereas the use of summed ammonia-N and urea-N excretion probably underestimates the contribution of protein towards aerobic metabolism. These errors increase as ration increases, because the discrepancy between total-N excretion and ammonia-N + urea-N excretion increases.

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mentioning

confidence: 80%

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: The effect of feeding and fasting on the excretion of ammonia, urea and other nitrogenous waste products in rainbow trout

Kajimura

Croke

Glover

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It is possible that in fish also such anaerobic and products are accumulating. Kutty and Peer Mohamed (1975) have suggested that in mullet, R. corsula anaerobic energy is derived under hypoxia through pathways other than conventional glycolysis. The unaccounted glycogen (glucose) in exercised mullet might have also been used for deriving energy efficiently through some anaerobic pathway other than conventional glycolysis.…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Much of this pertains to the study of respiratory metabolism (Brett 1964(Brett , 1973Smit et al 1971;Kutty 1968;Rao 1968;Kutty and Peer Mohamed 1975;Sukumaran and Kutty 1977;Sukumaran 1986;Jones and Randall 1979;Paulson 1980) and also tissue metabolism especially with reference to changes in substrates and end products of metabolism in muscle and blood (Black 1958;Black et al 1962;Karuppannan 1972;Johnston and Goldspink 1973;Johnston 1975;Woleoma and Johnston 1981;Jones 1982). In general it is noticed that while there are several studies on respiratory metabolism and some aspects of substrate utilization and end product accumulation and disposal, there is no study which has been specifically done combining the physiological parameters under same set of experimental conditions so as to have a comprehensive information on the total metabolism of fish especially with reference to energy utilization connected with swimming activity of fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy utilization in freshwater mullet,Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) under exercise

Sukumaran

Kutty

1987

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.)

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Abstract. Energy utilization in mullet, Rhinomuqil corsula, exercised continuously for 5 h at different swimming speeds ranging between 20 and 77 ern s -1 was studied in a tunnel type apparatus. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide output and'respiratory quotient decreased with increase in the duration of exercise. The initial (lst h) respiratory quotient, which was always above unity, increased with intensity of swimming speed, but the steady (5th h) respiratory quotient remained below unity, at about the same level irrespective of the increase in activity.Nitrogen (NH 3 and total) excretion, ammonia quotient and nitrogen quotient increased with both duration and intensity of exercise, indicating the increased protein utilization during the later phase of exercise.An attempt has been made to estimate the relative energy derivation from different substrates with some assumptions for the entire 5 h of exercise at 20 and 77 em s -I. At 20 ern s -1 the energy derived aerobically from proteins, carbohydrates and fats and that from anaerobic source (carbohydrate) were estimated as 13040,3, 1378·2, 2367·3 and 1048·5 J kg-t fish, being Ts:1,7'7, 13-3 and 5'9% of a total of 17834·3J kg-t fish, whereas at a swimming speed of 77 em S-1 it was estimated as 33587-9, 2841'4 and 1305·4 J kg-t fish from proteins, fats and anaerobic source respectively, being 89'0, 7,5, 3'5% of a total of 37734·7 J kg -t fish.

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“…Beberapa studi telah dilakukan untuk mengamati tingkat oksigen terlarut letal pada beberapa spesies ikan (Itazawa, 1959;Kutty & Mohamed, 1975;Randall, 1982 Ketahanan ikan tambakan (Helostoma temminkii) terhadap beberapa . .... (Otong Zenal Arifin) Gambar 3. Sintasan ikan tambakan (Helostoma temminkii) pada pengujian suhu.…”

Section: Uji Ketahanan Terhadap Oksigenunclassified

KETAHANAN IKAN TAMBAKAN (Helostoma temminkii) TERHADAP BEBERAPA PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR DALAM LINGKUNGAN BUDIDAYA

Arifin

Prakoso

Pantjara

2018

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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ABSTRAKIkan tambakan (Helostoma temminkii) adalah satu dari beberapa jenis spesies ikan air tawar yang ekonomis di Indonesia. Komoditas ini cukup digemari di beberapa wilayah Jawa, Sumatera, dan Kalimantan. Oleh karena itu, prospek pengembangan budidaya ikan tambakan merupakan hal yang penting. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons ketahanan ikan tambakan terhadap paparan beberapa parameter kualitas air. Seluruh kegiatan pengujian dilakukan di Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Bogor. Ikan yang digunakan pada percobaan ini adalah ikan tambakan generasi kedua hasil domestikasi (panjang standar: 7,5 ± 0,28 cm; bobot: 15,2 ± 2,11 g). Uji toleransi yang dilakukan meliputi ketahanan terhadap salinitas, pH, suhu, dan oksigen terlarut. Jumlah ikan yang diuji untuk masing-masing parameter kualitas air yaitu 30 ekor pada perlakuan salinitas, pH, dan suhu, serta 40 ekor untuk pengujian toleransi terhadap oksigen terlarut dengan tiga kali ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan. Berdasarkan data penelitian, ikan tambakan dapat bertahan hidup dan beraktivitas secara normal pada kisaran salinitas  10 ppt, pH 5-9, suhu 20-35 o C, dan kandungan oksigen terlarut > 3 mg/L. Kisaran nilai pada parameter kualitas air di luar batas toleransi dapat berpengaruh negatif pada pertumbuhan dan sintasan ikan tambakan.

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Metabolic adaptations of mullet Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) with special reference to energy utilization

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: The effect of feeding and fasting on the excretion of ammonia, urea and other nitrogenous waste products in rainbow trout

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: The effect of feeding and fasting on the excretion of ammonia, urea and other nitrogenous waste products in rainbow trout

Energy utilization in freshwater mullet,Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) under exercise

KETAHANAN IKAN TAMBAKAN (Helostoma temminkii) TERHADAP BEBERAPA PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR DALAM LINGKUNGAN BUDIDAYA

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