Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: A Brief Review

Martínez-Gómez, Mario G; Roberts, Brandon M.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003991

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 216 publications

(263 reference statements)

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“…29,30 However, the human body seems to have a set point for weight, with metabolic and homeostatic adaptations that make it diffi cult to lose weight or maintain weight loss. 31 Therefore, many patients regain weight after participating in lifestyle modifi cation programs. 32 As a result, pharmacotherapy is an important consideration for achieving weight-loss goals.…”

Section: ■ Losing Weight a 46-year-old Woman With Obesity (Body Mass ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

2023 Update in ambulatory general internal medicine

Alexander,

Singh,

Shah

et al. 2024

CCJM

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The practice of outpatient medicine is demanding, encompasses a wide scope of practice, and leaves little time for internists to stay up to date with the current literature. This article reviews 5 studies published in 2022 and 2023 that have the potential to change the practice of outpatient medicine. Topics covered include chronic kidney disease, secondary cardiovascular disease, kidney stones, obesity, and lipid management. KEY POINTSEmpaglifl ozin slowed the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney disease; the benefi t was most pronounced in patients with signifi cant albuminuria.A Mediterranean diet was superior to a low-fat diet for secondary prevention of major cardiovascular events.Hydrochlorothiazide did not decrease symptomatic or radiologic recurrence of calcium-containing kidney stones. Tirzepatide was effective for weight loss in patients who were obese or overweight with weight-related complications.Ezetimibe, added to lower-intensity statin therapy, was noninferior to high-intensity statin therapy with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events.

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Section: ■ Losing Weight a 46-year-old Woman With Obesity (Body Mass ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

2023 Update in ambulatory general internal medicine

Alexander,

Singh,

Shah

et al. 2024

CCJM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mechanisms of Action of Protein Shakes in Normalizing Metabolic Processes, Their Role in Improving Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, and in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases

Kravets,

Drozdovska

2024

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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This review article delves into the significance of protein shakes, particularly whey protein, in various health and fitness contexts. The primary focus is on their biochemical properties, metabolic benefits, and their role in supporting muscle mass, weight loss, and metabolic health. The article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to highlight the potential of protein shakes in improving glycemic control, reducing inflammation, and enhancing overall health, particularly for individuals with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sarcopenia. The review also explores the effectiveness of protein shakes in athletic performance and recovery, as well as their impact on glucose metabolism and homeostasis. It underscores the necessity for further research to optimize the use and dosage of protein shakes for diverse populations to fully harness their benefits. Whey proteins are rich in essential amino acids, particularly leucine, which stimulates muscle protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway. This makes them highly effective in muscle building and recovery. Whey protein consumption enhances glycemic control by increasing insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity. Studies have shown significant reductions in fasting glucose levels and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. Protein shakes aid in weight loss by promoting satiety and increasing thermogenesis. They help maintain muscle mass during weight loss, which is crucial for sustaining metabolic rate. Clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing body fat and improving metabolic markers. Whey protein, combined with resistance training, significantly improves muscle mass and strength in older adults, helping to prevent sarcopenia. This is essential for maintaining physical functionality and reducing the risk of falls and fractures. In the rehabilitation of patients with severe obesity, protein shakes are effective in reducing body weight, improving metabolic health, and maintaining muscle mass. They play a crucial role in comprehensive rehabilitation programs that include diet and physical exercise. Protein shakes support metabolic adaptations by preserving muscle mass and enhancing thermogenesis, which helps maintain a high metabolic rate and prevent weight regain. Whey proteins enhance muscle mass and strength, speed up recovery after training, and boost endurance. They also support the immune system and reduce oxidative stress, contributing to better overall athletic performance . Proteins shakes aid in regulating blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for preventing and managing diabetes. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties further enhance metabolic health.

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Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility

Mambrini,

Grillo,

Colosimo

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has emerged as a prevalent health concern, encompassing a wide spectrum of liver-related disorders. Insulin resistance, a key pathophysiological feature of MASLD, can be effectively ameliorated through dietary interventions. The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthy fats, has shown promising results in improving insulin sensitivity. Several components of the Mediterranean diet, such as monounsaturated fats and polyphenols, exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Furthermore, this dietary pattern has been associated with a higher likelihood of achieving MASLD remission. In addition to dietary modifications, physical exercise, particularly resistance exercise, plays a crucial role in enhancing metabolic flexibility. Resistance exercise training promotes the utilization of fatty acids as an energy source. It enhances muscle glucose uptake and glycogen storage, thus reducing the burden on the liver to uptake excess blood glucose. Furthermore, resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis, contributing to an improved muscle-to-fat ratio and overall metabolic health. When implemented synergistically, the Mediterranean diet and resistance exercise can elicit complementary effects in combating MASLD. Combined interventions have demonstrated additive benefits, including greater improvements in insulin resistance, increased metabolic flexibility, and enhanced potential for MASLD remission. This underscores the importance of adopting a multifaceted approach encompassing dietary modifications and regular physical exercise to effectively manage MASLD. This narrative review explores the biological mechanisms of diet and physical exercise in addressing MASLD by targeting insulin resistance and decreased metabolic flexibility.

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Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: A Brief Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 216 publications

2023 Update in ambulatory general internal medicine

2023 Update in ambulatory general internal medicine

Mechanisms of Action of Protein Shakes in Normalizing Metabolic Processes, Their Role in Improving Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, and in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases

Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility

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