Metabolic and Biochemical Stressors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) or diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction is a direct consequence of uncontrolled metabolic syndrome and is widespread in US population and worldwide. Despite of the heterogeneous and distinct features of DCM, the clinical relevance of DCM is now becoming established. DCM progresses to pathological cardiac remodeling with the higher risk of heart attack and subsequent heart failure in diabetic patients. In this review, we emphasize lipid substrate quality and the phenotypic, metabolic, and biochemical stressors of DCM in the rodent and human pathophysiology. We discuss lipoxygenase signaling in the inflammatory pathway with multiple contributing and confounding factors leading to DCM. Additionally, emerging biochemical pathways are emphasized to make progress toward therapeutic advancement to treat DCM.

Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill, a novel compound Chinese traditional medicine protects against high glucose‐induced injury in cardiomyocytes

“…Later, epidemiological studies found that more than half of the diabetic patients were combined with diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the death/disability of the population accounted for about 50% of the total number of deaths and disability in all diabetes and its complications . Accumulating evidence has suggested that hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and abnormal fatty acid metabolism are the main pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM, among which hyperglycaemia has gradually been considered as the most important trigger . At present, the pathophysiology of DCM is still not fully understood and there is no effective therapy for it.…”

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Impact of Biological Sex on Disease Development and Molecular Signatures

“…Diabetic patients have a two- to fourfold increased risk for CVD development, and undoubtedly, the increased prevalence of T2DM has led to more documented cases of cardiovascular complications ( Kannel et al, 1974 ; Kannel and McGee, 1979 ; Martin-Timon et al, 2014 ; Bertoluci and Rocha, 2017 ). Indeed, while T2DM contributes to overt CVD, it has been documented to be responsible for a unique set of cardiac abnormalities ( Miki et al, 2013 ; Kain and Halade, 2017 ; Varma et al, 2017 ), referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Several of the cellular mechanisms documented to underlie the development of contractile dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy include: impaired excitation-contraction coupling, inefficient energy production, reduced coronary flow reserve, and fibrotic remodeling ( Miki et al, 2013 ).…”

Exogenous Pancreatic Kallikrein Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

“…DCM is a main pathogenic factor for heart failure in diabetic patients ( Kannel et al, 1974 ; Devereux et al, 2000 ). Among patients with DCM, the cumulative probability of death was 18%, and development of heart failure was 22% ( Kain and Halade, 2017 ). In Framingham study, the heart failure rates in men and women with diabetes were both significantly higher than that in people without diabetes ( Sung et al, 2015 ).…”

“…So far, therapy for patients with diabetes focuses largely on glucose control. Before the onset of heart failure symptoms, patients lack enough standard treatments ( Sung et al, 2015 ; Kain and Halade, 2017 ). Nevertheless, there remains a significant incidence of cardiovascular disease even in optimally treated diabetic patients ( Tate et al, 2017 ).…”