Metabolic and Microbiome Alterations Following the Enrichment of a High-Fat Diet With High Oleic Acid Peanuts Versus the Traditional Peanuts Cultivar in Mice

Abstract

A new Israeli-developed peanut cultivar, “Hanoch-Oleic” (HO), uniquely contains enlarged oleic acid contents and was designed to confer additional beneficial effects over the traditional cultivar, “Hanoch” (HN). This work elucidates metabolic changes and microbiota adaptations elicited by HO addition to a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 weeks with a normal diet or a HFD with/without the addition of HN (HFDh) or HO (HFDo). Body-weight did not differ between HFD-fed mice groups, while liver and adipose weight were elevated in the HFDh and HFD groups, respectively. Insulin-sensitivity (IS) was also decreased in these groups, though to a much greater extent in the traditional peanuts-fed group. Modifications in lipids metabolism were evident by the addition of peanuts to a HFD. Liver inflammation seems to return to normal only in HFDh. Peanuts promoted an increase in α-diversity, with HFDo exhibiting changes in the abundance of microbiota that is primarily associated with ameliorated gut health and barrier capacity. In conclusion, the HO cultivar appears to be metabolically superior to the traditional peanut cultivar and was associated with an improved inflammatory state and microbial profile. Nevertheless, IS-negative effects reinforced by peanuts addition, predominantly NH, need to be comprehensively defined.

Effects of high oleic acid peanuts on mice’s liver and adipose tissue metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition

“…Thus, although the liver was less affected by the diet regimens, findings do imply some influence with high-oleic peanuts consumption eliciting more favorable metabolic outcomes compared to the traditional cultivar. These results stand in line with previous works conducted in animal models which infer preferable metabolic effects for high-oleic peanuts/peanut oil consumption in general and in comparison to the conventional cultivar ( 14 , 31–34 ).…”

“…Increased F/B ratio has long been employed as a characteristic of the dysbiosis associated with obesity and T2D, with the surmise that the former is a consequence of higher caloric availability that may accompany this altered proportion ( 38 ). Despite the popularity of this measure, evidence from human and animal models has cast doubt on its usage and forenamed interpretation ( 14 , 39 , 40 ). As a result, the consequences of the higher F/B ratio in the peanut-fed groups cannot be drawn at this time.…”

“…The composition of the diets is detailed in Table 2 . Of note, the control, ND group, was also used as a control group in a previously published study ( 14 ). All mice were on these diets for 18 weeks until elimination.…”

“…The "gut-liver" axis includes the interaction of intestinal microbiome metabolites with liver receptors (12). Consequently, the gut microbiota may directly influence the development of hepatic inflammation and liver disorders (13). As an alternative, according to this supposition, numerous additional compounds made by gut bacteria may also reach the liver and elicit positive effects on this tissue.…”

Gut–brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity

“…125 Moreover, it has been verified that oleic acid (n-9 MUFA-rich) intervention reinforces the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria Clostridiaceae , Lachnospiraceae , and other beneficial bacteria, favoring the enhancement of the intestinal barrier. 126 Furthermore, butyrate or n-3 PUFAs can ameliorate the damaging effects of ethanol on the intestinal barrier and help maintain intestinal homeostasis. 127,128…”