Metabolic and performance effects of warm‐up intensity on sprint cycling

Wittekind, Anna; Beneke, Ralph

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01248.x

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…We have thus examined the hypothesis that IPC could improve the MPO during a maximal cycling exercise lasting 60-s, the duration being susceptible to influences from both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms (Wittekind and Beneke 2011). Additionally, we investigated the hypotheses that a higher muscle activation and/or changes in energy metabolism could be related to the ergogenic effects of IPC on anaerobic performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance

Cruz

Aguiar

Turnes

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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It has been demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves endurance performance. However, the potential benefits during anaerobic events and the mechanism(s) underlying these benefits remain unclear. Fifteen recreational cyclists were assessed to evaluate the effects of IPC of the upper thighs on anaerobic performance, skeletal muscle activation, and metabolic responses during a 60-s sprint performance. After an incremental test and a familiarization visit, subjects were randomly submitted in visits 3 and 4 to a performance protocol preceded by intermittent bilateral cuff inflation (4 × (5 min of blood flow restriction + 5 min reperfusion)) at either 220 mm Hg (IPC) or 20 mm Hg (control). To increase data reliability, each intervention was replicated, which was also in a random manner. In addition to the mean power output, the pulmonary oxygen uptake, blood lactate kinetics, and quadriceps electromyograms (EMGs) were analyzed during performance and throughout 45 min of passive recovery. After IPC, performance was improved by 2.1% compared with control (95% confidence intervals of 0.8% to 3.3%, P = 0.001), followed by increases in (i) the accumulated oxygen deficit, (ii) the amplitude of blood lactate kinetics, (iii) the total amount of oxygen consumed during recovery, and (iv) the overall EMG amplitude (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio between EMG and power output was higher during the final third of performance after IPC (P < 0.05). These results suggest an increased skeletal muscle activation and a higher anaerobic contribution as the ultimate responses of IPC on short-term exercise performance.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance

Cruz

Aguiar

Turnes

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…However, the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise, particularly those of submaximal intensity (i.e., <VO 2 max), may be heterogeneous to a certain percentage of the VO 2 max 13,17,18 . As a result, many studies that have investigated the effects of prior exercise have used the concept of exercise intensity domains to individualize exercise responses 3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Using [La] and VO 2 responses during constant workload exercise, three different exercise intensity domains (moderate, heavy and severe) can be characterized 18 .…”

Section: Exercise Intensity Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on intensity, the subsequent exercise performance may not modify, improve or even decreases 23 . The diversity of these responses is a function of the different conditions generated by prior exercise on parameters such as [La], VO 2 , blood flow and recruitment of motor units 3,9,24 . The different effects of prior exercise are described below, according to the domain where they are performed.…”

Section: Prior Exercise Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies regarding this theme have suggested that, depending on the conditions of prior exercise (i.e., intensity, duration and recovery time) and subsequent exercise, modifications generated by the prior exercise on muscle perfusion 4 , oxygen delivery 6 and recruitment of motor units 7 may be important aspects for improved performance in subsequent exercise. Aerobic performance (i.e., time to perform a given distance) and exercise tolerance, i.e., time limit (tlim, maximum exercise time with constant intensity that can be performed without or with different types of pauses, e.g., active or passive) are improved, especially in high-intensity and shortduration exercises (up to 2-9 min approximately) [8][9][10][11] . With respect to cardiorespiratory parameters, it has been shown that after prior exercise, the oxygen uptake kinetics (VO 2 ) response at the beginning of exercise can be accelerated 3,4,6,8 because the increased blood flow and the more homogeneous distribution of the muscle blood flow tend to provide greater O 2 delivery to active muscles 2,4,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the interest for more acute interventions (e.g., warm-up, nutritional supplementation, etc.) that may improve performance during exercise has increased significantly, which may be important for athletes, researchers and athletes [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Thus, this review aims to analyze studies that investigated the effect of prior exercise on VO 2 kinetics and short-duration aerobic performance (~ 2-9 min).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Efeito da intensidade do exercício prévio na resposta fisiológica e na performance aeróbia de curta duração

Caritá

Denadai

2014

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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-Athletes of different sports have frequently used warm-up exercises as preparation for the training session or competition. Increased metabolism and performance, as well as musculoskeletal injury prevention, are among the reasons that lead coaches to adopt this procedure. The effects of prior exercise have been studied to analyze the limiting factors of physiological adjustments at the beginning of exercise and its effects on subsequent exercise performance. Thus, this article analyzes studies that have investigated the effects of prior exercise on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses and short-term aerobic performance. In this context, factors such as prior exercise intensity and duration and recovery period between exercise sessions are discussed, and the possible mechanisms that could explain the effects of prior exercise are presented. The effects of prior exercise on the oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) kinetics do not seem to depend on the prior exercise intensity and recovery period between exercise sessions (i.e., prior and subsequent). However, the effects on exercise tolerance appear to depend on the interaction between the intensity of both exercises and the recovery period between them.

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Effect of intensive prior exercise on muscle fiber activation, oxygen uptake kinetics, and oxygen uptake plateau occurrence

2020

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Purpose We tested the hypothesis that the described increase in oxygen uptake (V O 2)-plateau incidence following a heavysevere prior exercise is caused by a steeper increase in V O 2 and muscle fiber activation in the submaximal intensity domain. Methods Twenty-one male participants performed a standard ramp test, a V O 2max verification bout, an unprimed ramp test with an individualized ramp slope and a primed ramp test with the same ramp slope, which was preceded by an intensive exercise at 50% of the difference between gas exchange threshold and maximum workload. Muscle fiber activation was recorded from vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis using a surface electromyography (EMG) device in a subgroup of 11 participants. Linear regression analyses were used to calculate the V O 2-(ΔVO 2 ∕ΔP) and EMG-(∆RMS/∆P) ramp test kinetics. Results Twenty out of the 21 participants confirmed their V O 2max in the verification bout. The V O 2-plateau incidence in these participants did not differ between the unprimed (n = 8) and primed (n = 7) ramp test (p = 0.500). The ΔVO 2 ∕ΔP was lower in the primed compared to the unprimed ramp test (9.40 ± 0.66 vs. 10.31 ± 0.67 ml min −1 W −1 , p < 0.001), whereas the ∆RMS/∆P did not differ between the ramp tests (0.62 ± 0.15 vs. 0.66 ± 0.14% W −1 ; p = 0.744). Conclusion These findings do not support previous studies, which reported an increase in V O 2-plateau incidence as well as steeper increases in V O 2 and muscle fiber activation in the submaximal intensity domain following a heavy-severe prior exercise. Keywords Cardiorespiratory fitness • Priming exercise • Exercise testing • Maximum oxygen uptake • Electromyography Abbreviations BLC Blood lactate concentration BLC BSL Blood lactate concentration at 50 W baseline cycling BLC max Maximal blood lactate concentration EMG Electromyography GM Gastrocnemius medialis MRT Mean response time of ramp test oxygen uptake kinetics P GET Workload at gas exchange threshold P max Maximum workload achieved at ramp test termination RER max Maximal respiratory exchange ratio RMS Root mean square of the electromyography signal RMS BSL Electromyography root mean square of 50 W baseline cycling ∆RMS/∆P Slope of the electromyography root mean square-workload-relationship RPE max Maximal rating of perceived exertion S Incremental rate S1 Intensity between the second minute of the ramp test and P GET S2 Intensity between P GET and 2 min before ramp test termination ST Intensity between the second minute of the ramp test and two minutes before ramp test termination VL Vastus lateralis VM Vastus medialiṡ VCO 2max Maximal carbon dioxide productioṅ VO 2 Oxygen uptake Communicated by I. Mark Olfert.

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Metabolic and performance effects of warm‐up intensity on sprint cycling

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance

Efeito da intensidade do exercício prévio na resposta fisiológica e na performance aeróbia de curta duração

Effect of intensive prior exercise on muscle fiber activation, oxygen uptake kinetics, and oxygen uptake plateau occurrence

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