Metabolic and physiological changes in Prymnesium parvum when grown under, and grazing on prey of, variable nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry

Lundgren, Veronica; Glibert, Patricia M.; Granéli, Edena; Vidyarathna, Nayani K.; Fiori, Emanuela; Ou, Linjian; Flynn, Kevin J.; Mitra, Aditee; Stoecker, Diane K.; Hansen, Per Juel

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.002

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Photoacclimation is also known to be important to pSNCM growth in variable light (Moeller et al, 2016). Doing justice to this process and the decline of acquired phototrophy linked to both light and nutrient status requires models that better describe food quality that impacts on mixoplankton activity (e.g., Mitra and Flynn, 2010;Mitra et al, 2014;Lundgren et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2018). This requires the use of full variable stoichiometric (C:N:P:Chl) coarse-grain system biology-based ecosystem simulators (e.g., Flynn and Mitra, 2009;Leles et al, 2021).…”

Section: Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired Phototrophy and Its Implications for Bloom Dynamics of the Teleaulax-Mesodinium-Dinophysis-Complex

2022

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The dinoflagellate Dinophysis is responsible for causing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning impacting shellfish aquaculture globally. Dinophysis species are invariably plastidic specialist non-constitutive mixoplankton (pSNCM), combining phagotrophy with acquired phototrophy. Dinophysis acquires phototrophy from another pSNCM, the ciliate Mesodinium, which in turn acquires phototrophy from cryptophytes within the Teleaulax-Plagioselmis-Geminigera clade. Despite this trophic linkage, the temporal dynamics of cryptophyte-Mesodinium-Dinophysis remain poorly understood. In this study, we present the first Teleaulax-Mesodinium-Dinophysis (TMD)-complex system dynamics model. Using this, we explored the dynamics of TMD interactions under different ecological settings. Temperature, nutrient load, mixed layer depth, and irradiance all greatly influenced the timing and magnitude of the TMD-complex interactions and, as a result, Dinophysis bloom duration and peak. Availability of Mesodinium and temporal matching of its growth to that of Dinophysis are also key biotic factors; the timing of Mesodinium availability impacts the potential of Dinophysis growth for up to 3 months. Integrating our TMD-complex model with a suitable hydrodynamic model could greatly improve our understanding of bloom formation and aid in forecasting harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Future monitoring of Dinophysis would also be enhanced by the monitoring of the precursor prey species, Teleaulax and Mesodinium, which are rarely accorded the same effort as the HAB forming dinoflagellate.

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Section: Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired Phototrophy and Its Implications for Bloom Dynamics of the Teleaulax-Mesodinium-Dinophysis-Complex

2022

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“…Essential elements such as N, P, and C are typically rich in microbial prey and, thus, mixotrophy can provide a supplemental source when there is an elemental imbalance in dissolved (water-column) nutrient substrates (e.g., Granéli et al, 1999;Stoecker et al, 2006). Recent laboratory experiments also show that at least for some mixotrophs, grazing is highly dependent not only on their physiological or nutritional state but also on that of their prey (e.g., Lundgren et al, 2016;Lin et al, in press). Mixotrophy may also be of particular importance in the maintenance of blooms, allowing them to be sustained for longer periods than would be the case if the cells depended only on dissolved nutrient availability (e.g., Glibert et al, 2009).…”

Section: Eat Drink and Be Merry: The Successful Mixotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally Changing Nutrient Loads and Harmful Algal Blooms: Recent Advances, New Paradigms, and Continuing Challenges

Glibert¹,

Burford²

2017

Oceanog.

229

116

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It is now well recognized that there are more harmful algal blooms (HABs), more often, in new and different places, often lasting longer, and with a range of toxicities, and that many of these blooms are related to nutrient pollution. Nutrient loads are increasing globally, but they are changing regionally in proportion and in the dominant form of nutrient. The fact that nutrient loads have generally increased is, in itself, insufficient for the promotion of HABs. The success of HABs lies at the intersection of the physiological adaptations of the harmful algal species, environmental conditions, and interactions with co-occurring organisms that alter abiotic conditions and/or aggregate or disperse cells, in turn promoting or inhibiting their growth. It is a change in the supply of the right nutrients at the right time that helps to create conditions conducive to specific HABs. Many dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial HABs appear to have adaptations that allow them to exploit environments-and potentially even become more toxic-where nutrients are not in balanced (Redfield) proportions. HABs are also changing in complex ways due to changes in climate and many other changes that affect the timing, amount, or proportions of nutrients. There is much work to be done to understand the physiological ecology of HABs and other co-occurring species. Climate change and altered CO 2 levels, and their implications for altered productivity of the global ocean, should motivate both new models and new experimental investigations that support them. Based on current knowledge, the management implications are clear: the most effective actions to reduce HABs and their impacts will be continued efforts to reduce nutrients entering our waters.

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“…From 2011 to 2013 a series of workshops (funded by the Leverhulme Trust, U.K.) were held in Sweden (Kalmar), UK (Swansea) and the USA (Horn Point), bringing together experts across the field of marine planktonic protists. Outputs from those meetings explored the false dichotomy of the traditional phytoplanktonzooplankton paradigm , advantages of acquired phototrophy , the role of mixotrophy in shaping the biological carbon pump (Mitra et al, 2014b), stoichiometric implications for mixotrophy (Lundgren et al, 2016), the functional classification of planktonic protists (Mitra et al, 2016) and the biogeographies of the di erent types of mixotrophic protist plankton (Leles et al, 2017(Leles et al, , 2019. Many additional publications have also raised the profile of photoand phago-mixotrophic plankton over the last two decades (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophic protists and a new paradigm for marine ecology: where does plankton research go now?

Flynn

Mitra

Anestis

et al. 2019

Journal of Plankton Research

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149

138

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Many protist plankton are mixotrophs, combining phototrophy and phagotrophy. Their role in freshwater and marine ecology has emerged as a major developing feature of plankton research over recent decades. To better aid discussions, we suggest these organisms are termed “mixoplankton”, as “planktonic protist organisms that express, or have potential to express, phototrophy and phagotrophy”. The term “phytoplankton” then describes phototrophic organisms incapable of phagotrophy. “Protozooplankton” describes phagotrophic protists that do not engage in acquired phototrophy. The complexity of the changes to the conceptual base of the plankton trophic web caused by inclusion of mixoplanktonic activities are such that we suggest that the restructured description is termed the “mixoplankton paradigm”. Implications and opportunities for revision of survey and fieldwork, of laboratory experiments and of simulation modelling are considered. The main challenges are not only with taxonomic and functional identifications, and with measuring rates of potentially competing processes within single cells, but with decades of inertia built around the traditional paradigm that assumes a separation of trophic processes between different organisms. In keeping with the synergistic nature of cooperative photo- and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach will be required to tackle the task ahead.

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Metabolic and physiological changes in Prymnesium parvum when grown under, and grazing on prey of, variable nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry

Cited by 40 publications

References 80 publications

Acquired Phototrophy and Its Implications for Bloom Dynamics of the Teleaulax-Mesodinium-Dinophysis-Complex

Acquired Phototrophy and Its Implications for Bloom Dynamics of the Teleaulax-Mesodinium-Dinophysis-Complex

Globally Changing Nutrient Loads and Harmful Algal Blooms: Recent Advances, New Paradigms, and Continuing Challenges

Mixotrophic protists and a new paradigm for marine ecology: where does plankton research go now?

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