Metabolic and respiratory derangements associated with death in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii): 32 cases (2005–2009)

Keller, Krista A.; Innis, Charles J.; Tlusty, Michael F.; Kennedy, Adam; Bean, Sarah B.; Cavin, Julie M.; Merigo, Constance

doi:10.2460/javma.240.3.317

Cited by 49 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Only gillnet trapped green turtles [50], loggerhead turtles captured in shrimp trawlers, and cold-stunned Kemp’s ridley turtles (sampled after 2 to 3 days of hospitalization) [28], [36], had higher lactate. Loggerheads caught using pound nets had low lactate levels when sampled initially, but lactate concentrations were significantly higher after 30 min [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Gases, Biochemistry, and Hematology of Galapagos Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas)

et al. 2014

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The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, is an endangered marine chelonian with a circum-global distribution. Reference blood parameter intervals have been published for some chelonian species, but baseline hematology, biochemical, and blood gas values are lacking from the Galapagos sea turtles. Analyses were done on blood samples drawn from 28 green turtles captured in two foraging locations on San Cristóbal Island (14 from each site). Of these turtles, 20 were immature and of unknown sex; the other eight were males (five mature, three immature). A portable blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used to obtain near immediate field results for pH, lactate, pO2, pCO2, HCO3 −, Hct, Hb, Na, K, iCa, and Glu. Parameter values affected by temperature were corrected in two ways: (1) with standard formulas; and (2) with auto-corrections made by the iSTAT. The two methods yielded clinically equivalent results. Standard laboratory hematology techniques were employed for the red and white blood cell counts and the hematocrit determination, which was also compared to the hematocrit values generated by the iSTAT. Of all blood analytes, only lactate concentrations were positively correlated with body size. All other values showed no significant difference between the two sample locations nor were they correlated with body size or internal temperature. For hematocrit count, the iSTAT blood analyzer yielded results indistinguishable from those obtained with high-speed centrifugation. The values reported in this study provide baseline data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galapagos sea turtles. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the calculation of bicarbonate the following adaptation of the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation was used [36], [51]: …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Gases, Biochemistry, and Hematology of Galapagos Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas)

et al. 2014

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“…As with the predominant leukogram findings, hyperglycemia in sea turtles is consistent with a physiological stress response (Hunt et al 2016) and is commonly observed in sea turtles admitted to rehabilitation centers (Innis et al 2007, Keller et al 2012. Considerations for hypoglycemia in oiled turtles included anorexia and physical exhaustion.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Clinicopathological Findings In Oiled Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Limited published hematology and chemistry reference ranges are available for surface-pelagic juvenile sea turtles; thus, the interpretation of blood ab normalities was based on published data from convalescent Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Innis et al 2007, Keller et al 2012, green turtles (Bolten & Bjorndal 1992, Anderson et al 2011, and loggerhead turtles (Casal et al 2009, Kelly et al 2015. The reported data of these studies were extrapolated to produce clinically reasonable analyte ranges for surface-pelagic immature turtles.…”

Section: Blood Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the analyzer performs analyses at 37°C, temperature corrections were used to adjust for the individual turtle's cloacal temperature. Blood gas values were either temperature-corrected by the analyzer (hereafter referred to as 'autocorrected') or, if autocorrected values were not available, temperature-corrected blood gas results were calculated based on published equations (Innis et al 2007, Keller et al 2012. If body temperature was not recorded, the mean cloacal temperature of 27.0°C was used for blood gas calculations at admission and the subsequent time intervals.…”

Section: Blood Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological findings in sea turtles assessed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response

Stacy¹,

Field²,

Staggs³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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During the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010, 319 live oiled sea turtles were rescued and admitted to rehabilitation centers for decontamination and veterinary care. Most turtles were small, surface-pelagic juveniles that were collected from oiled habitat distant from shore. Serial hematology, plasma biochemistry, and blood gas analyses were reviewed to characterize abnormalities relative to observed degree of oiling. Clinicopathological abnormalities upon admission indicated acute, nonspecific metabolic and osmoregulatory derangements that were attributable to a combination of events including stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and dehydration related to oiling, capture, and transport. Specific toxicological effects reported in other taxa were not observed. Initial point-of-care blood data from one rescue center were evaluated using clinical assessment of physiological status for all turtles of all species with available data for pH, pCO 2 , sodium, and potassium. In addition, a prognostic model that was specifically developed for cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii was applied to oiled Kemp's ridley turtles from one center. Thirty-six percent of oiled turtles were identified as physiologically de ranged based on a clinical assessment of their physiological status, and 25% of oiled Kemp's ridley sea turtles exceeded the mortality risk threshold of the prognostic model. These results indicate that the physiological derangements in these animals were relatively severe and clinically relevant. Based on observations during the DWH spill, adverse physiological effects in sea turtles may be an important consequence of stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and dehydration secondary to oiling, capture, and transport.

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Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles

Innis

Knotek

2020

Exotic Animal Laboratory Diagnosis

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Interpretation and implementation of the Convention Species trade and conservation issues TORTOISES AND FRESHWATER TURTLES 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat. 2. At its 11th meeting (CoP11, Gigiri, 2000), the Conference of the Parties adopted Resolution Conf. 11.9 on the Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles, and amended it at its 12th and 13th meetings (CoP12, Santiago, 2002; CoP13, Bangkok, 2004). 3. In paragraph m) of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP13), the Conference of the Parties urges range States of tortoises and freshwater turtles that authorize trade in these species to include in their periodic reporting under Article VIII, paragraph 7 (b), of the Convention information on progress in implementing this Resolution. 4. At its 14th meeting (CoP14, The Hague, 2007), the Conference of the Parties adopted the following Decisions: Directed to Parties 14.126 Parties should liaise with the World Customs Organization to promote the establishment and use of specific headings within the standard tariff classifications of the Harmonized System for tortoises and freshwater turtles and for products thereof. Directed to the Secretariat 14.127 The Secretariat shall submit a written summary of the information on the implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP13) that is contained in biennial reports from Parties for consideration at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP15). 14.128 The Secretariat shall, subject to external funding, contract the Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission to undertake a study which would assist in the implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP13). Directed to the Animals Committee 14.129 The Animals Committee shall review the study and make recommendations at CoP15. Regarding Decision 14.126 5. The Conference of the Parties has previously called for WCO to create specific headings for certain CITES-listed taxa in the standard tariff classifications of the Harmonized System. Those requests that were channelled through the CITES Secretariat have not been implemented to date. This might be because WCO normally deals with the Customs authorities of its member countries on these matters, and not with CITES authorities. The Secretariat reported at CoP14 (see document CoP14 Doc. 57) that the process for CoP15 Doc. 49-p. 2 creating new codes within the standard tariff classifications of the Harmonized System takes about seven years from the time of proposal to its coming into effect. Regarding Decision 14.127 6. For reasons of efficiency, the Secretariat incorporated the report, mentioned in Decision 14.127 within the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Secretariat and the IUCN Species Survival Commission, Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (IUCN-TFTSG) mentioned in Decision 14.128. Under the terms of reference of the MoU for this work, the Secretariat requested IUCN-TFTSG to examine and analyse details from biennial reports on progress in the implementation...

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Metabolic and respiratory derangements associated with death in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii): 32 cases (2005–2009)

Cited by 49 publications

References 36 publications

Blood Gases, Biochemistry, and Hematology of Galapagos Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas)

Blood Gases, Biochemistry, and Hematology of Galapagos Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas)

Clinicopathological findings in sea turtles assessed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response

Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles

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