Metabolic biomarkers following a short and long bout of high-intensity functional training in recreationally trained men

Abstract

Glucose regulation is a fundamental process of metabolic function, and is acutely altered by physical activity. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a form of exercise performed using combinations of various modalities and durations. It is unknown if the metabolic responses to HIFT are similar to more commonly studied modalities (e.g., cycling and treadmill exercise), or if exercise duration will influence glucose regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Short (< 5-min) and Long (15-min) bout of HIFT on plasma metabolic biomarkers. Ten apparently healthy males (28.11 ± 5.09yrs) participated in this study. Two HIFT sessions (SHORT and LONG) were performed in a crossover fashion. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: PRE, POST, 1HR, and 3HR in order to examine glucose (GLU), insulin (INS), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) responses. No trial dependent difference between the SHORT and LONG bouts in GLU (p=0.054), INS (p=0.671), E (p=0.078), and NE (p=0.194). A time effect was observed in both bouts only at POST for GLU (p<0.001), INS (p=0.011), E (p<0.001), and NE (p<0.001). All times returned to baseline values (p>0.05), except for lowered 3HR E (p=0.007). This study demonstrated that both SHORT and LONG bouts of HIFT elicited GLU, INS, E, and NE responses similar to those reported in response to high-intensity treadmill and cycling exercise, and that duration of the HIFT bouts may not be a determining factor in glucose regulation in healthy individuals.

Characterization of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Responses in CrossFit® Training: A Systematic Review

“…The studies that described the training protocols analyzed participants who performed different combinations of multiple types of exercise modalities. CV, gymnastic and weightlifting exercises): gymnastic ( n = 2; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Ahmad et al, 2019 ), G + W ( n = 4; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Escobar et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Timón et al, 2019 ), CV + weightlifting ( n = 6; Perciavalle et al, 2016 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018a , b ; Coco et al, 2019 ; Feito et al, 2019a ), and CV + gymnastic + weightlifting ( n = 9; Tibana et al, 2016 , 2018 , 2019a , b ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Durkalec-Michalski et al, 2018 ; Mangine et al, 2018 , 2019 ).…”

“…The training intensity was verified in a few studies through heart rate (HR) assessment, in which the HR remained between 85.9 and 97.4% of the maximum HR (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Murawska-Cialowicz et al, 2015 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2018a , b ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2018 ; Tibana et al, 2018 ; Ahmad et al, 2019 ; Feito et al, 2019a ). Regarding the WOD time, 10 studies used protocols with times <10 min (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018a , b ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Mangine et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Tibana et al, 2018 ; Timón et al, 2019 ), 13 studies used protocols with times between 10 and 19 min (Murawska-Cialowicz et al, 2015 ; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Escobar et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018a , b ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 ; Durkalec-Michalski et al, 2018 ; Mangine et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Tibana et al, 2018 ; Feito et al, 2019a ), and five studies used protocols with times over 20 min (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Mangine et al, 2018 ; Tibana et al, 2019b ).…”

“…Eight studies (Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018a , b ; Mangine et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Poderoso et al, 2019 ; Tibana et al, 2019b ) investigated hormonal responses (see Table 1 ). The variables analyzed were testosterone and cortisol (Mangine et al, 2018 ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Poderoso et al, 2019 ; Tibana et al, 2019a ), GH and IGF-1 (Kliszczewicz et al, 2018a ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ), or adrenaline and noradrenaline (Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018b ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Mangine et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Adrenaline and noradrenaline were higher soon after training regardless of the WOD (Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018b ; Mangine et al, 2019 ). After 6 months of training, the resting adrenaline was not different, while noradrenaline was lower with overtraining (Cadegiani et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Nineteen studies (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Murawska-Cialowicz et al, 2015 ; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Escobar et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Perciavalle et al, 2016 ; Tibana et al, 2016 , 2018 , 2019a ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 , 2018a ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Durkalec-Michalski et al, 2018 ; Ahmad et al, 2019 ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Coco et al, 2019 ; Feito et al, 2019a ; Timón et al, 2019 ) investigated metabolic responses (see Table 2 ). The metabolic variables analyzed were lactate (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2015 ; Murawska-Cialowicz et al, 2015 ; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Escobar et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Perciavalle et al, 2016 ; Tibana et al, 2016 , 2018 , 2019b ; Maté-Muñoz et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Durkalec-Michalski et al, 2018 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2018a ; Ahmad et al, 2019 ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Coco et al, 2019 ; Feito et al, 2019a ; Timón et al, 2019 ), glycemia (Shaw et al, 2015 ; Perciavalle et al, 2016 ; Tibana et al, 2016 ; Kliszczewicz et al, 2017 ; Durkalec-Michalski et al, 2018 ; Cadegiani et al, 2019 ; Coco et al, 2019 ; Timón et al, 2019 ), cholesterol (Shaw et al, 2015 ), creatinine (Cadegiani et al, 2019 ), GOT and GPT (Timón et al, 2019 ).…”