Metabolic Biomarkers for Prognostic Prediction of Pre-diabetes: results from a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract

To investigate the metabolic biomarkers of predicting the transition from pre-diabetes (pre-DM) to normal glucose regulation (NGR) and diabetes (DM) in a longitudinal cohort study. 108 participants with pre-DM were followed up for ten years and divided into 3 groups according to different glycemic outcomes. 20 participants progressed to DM, 20 regressed to NGR, and 68 remained at pre-DM. Alterations in plasma metabolites in these groups were evaluated by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Twenty three metabolites related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, oxidation and antioxidation were associated with the process from pre-DM to NGR, while twenty two metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial β-oxidation played important roles in the progression to DM. Results from stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that five biomarkers (20-Hydroxy-leukotriene E4, Lysopc(20:4), 5-methoxytryptamine, Endomorphin-1, Lysopc(20:3)) were good prediction for the restoration to NGR, and five biomarkers (Iso-valeraldehyde, linoleic acid, Lysopc(18:1), 2-Pyrroloylglycine, Dityrosine) for the development of DM. The findings suggest that the combination of these potential metabolites may be used for the prognosis of pre-DM. Targeting the pathways that involved in these prognostic biomarkers would be beneficial for the regression to NGR and the early prevention of DM among pre-DM.

The Effect of Lean-Seafood and Non-Seafood Diets on Fasting and Postprandial Serum Metabolites and Lipid Species: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study in Healthy Adults

“…Another interesting finding in our study is the increased level of fasting lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species detected after the non-seafood diet period, as these lipid species may play a role in atherosclerosis and inflammation [ 61 , 62 ]. Furthermore, in a recent longitudinal cohort study, several LPCs were downregulated in subjects who regressed from a pre-diabetic state to normal glucose regulation [ 63 ]. In contrast, lower levels of LPC lipid species have also been observed in insulin-resistant humans [ 64 ].…”

Increasing Acyl CoA thioesterase activity alters phospholipid profile without effect on insulin action in skeletal muscle of rats

“…Therefore, our data indicates that LPC 18:1 and LPC 18:2 may not be biomarkers for insulin action in muscle 36 , although they may correlate with insulin resistance in liver 37 . This difference between tissues may help explain the varied results presented in literature on the prognostic potential of plasma levels of LPC species in pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals 38 , 39 .…”

Rapid detection of type II diabetes mellitus in Saudi patients via simultaneous screening of multiple SNPs

“…The authors also indicated that T2D is more frequently diagnosed in men of lower age. Although, SNaPshot assay is considered as a good biomarker for diagnosis of T2D, prognostic biomarkers were recently shown to be more beneficial for the early prevention of DM among pre-diabetic individuals [39].…”