Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity

Pettifor, John Μ.; Thandrayen, Kebashni

doi:10.1007/s13312-022-2637-8

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Other studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation should be given to pregnant women in order to ensure sufficient vitamin D levels for the newborn, as neonatal concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are approximately 80% of maternal levels [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Bone Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Careful monitoring of vitamin D levels is not necessary if there are no contraindications for routine vitamin D supplementation, as it is expensive monitoring [ 67 ]. As supported in the literature, 25(OH)D levels > 50 nmol/L prevent rickets in infants and children [ 135 ].…”

Section: Screening and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levels of 25(OH)D in the newborn decrease rapidly as the half-life is about 21 days unless vitamin D supplementation is started immediately with the initiation of enteral feeding. Vitamin D supplementation should be carried out for pregnant women, particularly in countries where vitamin D deficiency is common, in order to ensure sufficient vitamin D levels in the newborn [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Osteopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some neonatologists recommend vitamin D supplementation for premature infants with dosages of 800–1000 IU/day, higher than recommended for term infants (400 IU/day), although there is little evidence to suggest this unless there is hepatic or bowel dysfunction [ 67 , 68 ]. There is no proven benefit to using activated vitamin D (calcitriol or alfacalcidol) versus using the vitamin D parent, except if you have severe kidney or liver disease [ 67 ].…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Osteopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia

Perrone,

Caporilli,

Grassi

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Bone health starts with maternal health and nutrition, which influences bone mass and density already in utero. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment on bone health are partly unknown but certainly include the ‘foetal programming’ of oxidative stress and endocrine systems, which influence later skeletal growth and development. With this narrative review, we describe the current evidence for identifying patients with risk factors for developing osteopenia, today’s management of these populations, and screening and prevention programs based on gestational age, weight, and morbidity. Challenges for bone health prevention include the need for new technologies that are specific and applicable to pregnant women, the foetus, and, later, the newborn. Radiofrequency ultrasound spectrometry (REMS) has proven to be a useful tool in the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in pregnant women. Few studies have reported that transmission ultrasound can also be used to assess BMD in newborns. The advantages of this technology in the foetus and newborn are the absence of ionising radiation, ease of use, and, above all, the possibility of performing longitudinal studies from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The use of these technologies already in the intrauterine period could help prevent associated diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteopenia, which are characterised by a reduction in bone mass and degeneration of bone structure and lead to an increased risk of fractures in adulthood with considerable social repercussions for the related direct and indirect costs.

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Section: Factors Affecting Bone Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Osteopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Osteopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia

Perrone,

Caporilli,

Grassi

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Effect of early preventive supplementation with calcium and phosphorus on metabolic bone disease in premature infants

Xu,

Ma,

Cheng

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

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Objective The objective was to study the effect of early preventive calcium and phosphorus supplementation on metabolic bone disease in preterm infants. Methods A retrospective analysis of 234 preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University from 01.2018 to 12.2020 was conducted. One hundred thirty-two premature infants hospitalized from 01.2018 to 06.2019 did not receive prophylactic calcium and phosphorus supplementation in the early postnatal period. These infants received calcium or phosphorus supplementation at the time of hypocalcaemia or hypophosphatemia diagnosis. One hundred two premature infants hospitalized from 07.2019 to 12.2020 received early preventive calcium and phosphorus supplementation after birth. The levels of serum calcium and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone at different time points and growth indicators at six months of age were compared between the two groups of infants. The number of cases of metabolic bone disease and fracture between the two groups was compared. Results 1) A total of 12 infants (5.13%) among the 234 preterm infants were diagnosed with metabolic bone disease, including 2 (1.96%) in the prophylactic supplementation group and 10 (7.58%) in the nonprophylactic supplementation group. Fractures occurred in 3 premature infants (25.0%) with metabolic bone disease, all of whom were in the group that did not receive prophylactic supplementation. 2) There was no significant difference in serum calcium and calcitonin levels between the two groups. The levels of serum phosphorus and 25 hydroxyvitamin D in the prophylactic supplementation group were higher than those in the nonprophylactic supplementation group (P < 0.05). In comparison, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels were lower in the prophylactic supplementation group than in the nonprophylactic supplementation group (P < 0.05). Preterm infants in the prophylactic supplementation group had higher weight, length, head circumference, and bone density values than those in the nonprophylactic supplementation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Preventive supplementation with calcium and phosphorus after birth can effectively improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and reduce the incidence of metabolic bone disease and fractures in premature infants. This can be further publicized and used clinically.

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Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia

Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia

Effect of early preventive supplementation with calcium and phosphorus on metabolic bone disease in premature infants

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