Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese prepubertal children: The role of high fasting insulin levels

Valle, Miguel; Martos, Rosario; Ruz, Francisco J.; Bermudo, Francisco Martín; Morales, Rosario; ete, Ram

doi:10.1053/meta.2002.31319

Cited by 46 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] Obesity is associated to the metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance or diabetes type 2 and two or more of the following factors: hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), small and dense LDL particles, increased apoprotein B (apo-B), decreased apoprotein A-I (apo-A-I) and alterations of hemostasia. 9 Typical alterations of the metabolic syndrome may begin early in childhood, as they have been reported in prepubertal children 10,11 and adolescence. 12 However, the etiology of insulin resistance and its associated biochemical alterations, particularly those affecting lipid metabolism, continue to be a matter of debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Hormones regulating lipid metabolism and plasma lipids in childhood obesity

Gil-Campos¹,

Cañete²,

Gil

2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms by which leptin, insulin and adiponectin influence lipid metabolism and plasma lipids in obesity, as well as to describe the associations between these hormones in prepubertal children. METHOD: Revision of relevant papers published in the last 5 y related to the interactions of leptin, insulin and adiponectin, with special emphasis on those reporting potential mechanisms by which these hormones regulate lipid metabolism and plasma lipids. We also provide original results concerning the relationships found between plasma lipids and leptin, and insulin and adiponectin in prepubertal obese children. RESULTS: Recent data in the literature shed new light to explain the effects of both leptin and adiponectin in the regulation of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues. Activation of the AMP-dependent kinase pathway and subsequent increased fatty acid oxidation seems to be the main mechanism of action of these hormones in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, we have found that insulin plasma levels are positively associated to leptin but negatively correlated with adiponectin in obese children. Adiponectin is negatively associated to plasma lipid markers of metabolic syndrome but positively related to HDLcholesterol, whereas insulin and leptin show opposite patterns. These results support the effect of adiponectin in increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing plasma triglycerides. CONCLUSION: Leptin, insulin and adiponectin are associated hormones that regulate lipid metabolism in childhood. Adiponectin appears to be the missing link to explain the alterations in lipid metabolism and plasma lipids seen in obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…10,11 However, the etiology of insulin resistance and its associated biochemical alterations, particularly those affecting lipid metabolism, continue to be a matter of debate.…”

Section: Hormones and Plasma Lipids M Gil-campos Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones regulating lipid metabolism and plasma lipids in childhood obesity

Gil-Campos¹,

Cañete²,

Gil

2004

Int J Obes

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“…HDL 비만은 염증유발 상태에 의해 심혈관질환의 주된 원인으로 간주되고 있다 [21]. 이는 비만 지방조직에서 분비되는 염증성 사이토카인 인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 분비 증가가 죽상동맥경화증 을 진행시키기 때문인 것으로 보고되고 있다 [18,21,22]. 염증반 Green tea extract (1.5-1.7 g dry weight/120 ml tap water, 90℃) was daily given to a subject for 12 weeks.…”

Section: 비만 및 심혈관질환과 관련성이 있는 혈중 Tnf-α (unclassified

Green Tea Intake and Exercise Reduce Some Biochemical Markers of Obese Adolescents

Yang¹,

Jung²,

Kang³

et al. 2011

Journal of Life Science

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The effects of green tea consumption and/or exercise for 12weeks on body weight and select biochemical markers in plasma were evaluated in obese adolescents with a fat ratio of greater than 25%. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group (n=9), green tea consumption group (n=9), exercise group (n=9) and green tea consumption with exercise group (n=9). Subjects in both green tea consumption group and green tea consumption with exercise group were given more than five cups of green tea extract in hot water (90℃) daily, equivalent to 1.5-1.7 g dry green tea, for 12 weeks. Subjects in both the exercise group and green tea consumption with exercise group participated in a training program (HRmax 60-70%, 60 min/day) for 12 weeks. Control subjects were only given water equal to the quantity of green tea being given to the subjects of green tea consumption. No significant changes body weights were seen in any of these treatments, but the waist to hip ratio was reduced with treatments of both green tea and exercise. The control group showed no significant changes in TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin levels. Green tea consumption reduced leptin (p<0.05), TNF-α, and leptin levels. Exercise lowered TNF-α (p<0.05), IL-6 (p<0.01), and leptin (p<0.05) concentrations. Meanwhile, a combination of green tea consumption and exercise lowered TNF-α, IL-6 (p<0.05) and leptin (p<0.05) levels. These results indicate that green tea consumption and exercise both had a positive effect on the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin, in obese adolescents, but no synergistic effect on the reduction of these cytokines.

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“…Increased insulin resistance in childhood is associated with a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus during late childhood and adolescence [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Insulin sensitivity changes throughout growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%