Metabolic changes induced by organophosphates in the piscine organs

Awasthi, Mohini; Shah, Punita; Dubale, M.S.; Gadhia, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90138-5

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Toxic doses of some drugs lead to disruption of lysosomal membranes, leading to liberation of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm and ultimately resulting in marked lysis of cytoplasmic organelles (60). This result was observed by Awasthi et al (66), who found that the elevation of lysosomal activities was accompanied by a decrease in the total protein and nucleic acid contents in response to organophosphorus insecticides. Moreover, MTX treatment resulted in a great reduction in mucopolysaccharides, as indicated by a weak PAS reaction in the affected degenerated brush borders of renal tubules as well as the deformed basement membranes of both glomeruli and renal tubules.…”

Section: Ge+mtxmentioning

confidence: 77%

Prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity by concomitantadministration of garlic aqueous extract in rat

Ahmed¹,

Zaki²,

Nabil³

2015

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for treatment of cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, but its use has been limited by its nephrotoxicity. This study was carried out to determine whether garlic exerts a protective effect against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity.Materials and methods: Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats after a single i.p. injection of MTX (20 mg/kg). Garlic extract (1 mL/100 g b.w.) was given orally for 7 days before and after MTX administration. Serum samples were collected to evaluate urea, creatinine, sodium, phosphorous, potassium, and calcium. Reduced glutathione, catalase, adenosine deaminase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde were measured in renal tissue. Tubular injury was evaluated by histopathological examination.Results: MTX increased urea and creatinine levels and led to imbalances in some electrolytes. It also depleted renal antioxidant enzyme levels and increased malondialdehyde, adenosine deaminase, and nitric oxide levels. Histopathological examination showed glomerular and tubular alterations. Pretreatment with garlic significantly improved renal function and increased renal antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, garlic reduced renal oxidative stress and prevented alterations in renal morphology. Conclusion:Garlic treatment has a reversible biochemical and histological effect upon MTX-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Section: Ge+mtxmentioning

confidence: 77%

Prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity by concomitantadministration of garlic aqueous extract in rat

Ahmed¹,

Zaki²,

Nabil³

2015

Turk J Med Sci

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“…gariepinus is exposed to lower concentrations of the toxicants NP and OP. Generally stress conditions induce elevation in the transamination pathway (Awasthi et al , ), which offers excellent support for the elevation of AST and ALT with the lower concentrations of both the toxicants, depicting a clear indication of shunting of amino acids into the TCA cycle through oxidative deamination and active transamination. As enzymes, ALP and ACP play a significant role in metabolism, pathological necrosis, protein synthesis, synthesis of certain enzymes and secretion activity, and the changes in their activity as observed in the present study were responsible for the changes in the levels of serum glucose and protein, possibly providing insult to the tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity studies of nonylphenol and octylphenol: hormonal, hematological and biochemical effects inClarias gariepinus

Satyanarayanan

Kavitha

Ramesh

et al. 2011

J of Applied Toxicology

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Among the numerous chemicals discharged into aquatic ecosystems, nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have a potent effect on the endocrine system of fish; this issue has been clearly dealt with in several studies. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the general toxicity of these estrogenic chemicals individually on Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of both NP and OP (250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg l(-1) ) under semi-static conditions for a period of 7 days. The adverse effect was evaluated with use of blood cell counting, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), hematimetric indices, bilirubin, protein, glucose, serum transaminases, serum phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase and cortisol. The results showed a clear indication of anemia, increases in leukocyte count and bilirubin content and a reduction in plasma protein levels with higher concentrations of both the toxicants compared with controls. Furthermore, with all the concentrations the inevitable increase in serum cortisol and plasma glucose showed primary and secondary stress responses. Moreover, probable tissue damage gave rise to a series of fluctuations of enzyme levels at lower concentrations, but a decrease with higher concentrations showed the severity of the effect. Depending on the parameters examined, OP had a relatively greater effect than NP. Overall, these two chemicals seemingly affected hematology and the activity of some enzymes, leading to serious impairment of the metabolism and physiology of C. gariepinus.

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“…Running speed, turning rate and frequency of movement are aspects of an animal's search behaviour, which are controlled by the nervous system and, due to the energy-demanding nature of movement, are linked to the respiratory and metabolic status of the animal. Dimethoate has been shown to cause changes in the respiration and metabolism in invertebrates (Blanke and Lensing 1989) and vertebrates (Pant and Singh 1983;Awasthi et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged effects of the insecticide dimethoate on locomotor behaviour in the woodlouse, Porcellio scaber Latr. (isopoda)

Bayley

1995

Ecotoxicology

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: Beneficial invertebrates living in hedgerows and woodland adjacent to arable land, are almost inevitably exposed to small doses of pesticides. This can present a threat to these invertebrates even at sublethal levels. Locomotor behaviour is intrinsic to many more complex behavioural responses such as predator avoidance, migration, mate seeking, etc., but is also closely related to the physiological status of the animal. Further, locomotor activity is quantifiable with the aid of modern video and computer technology. In the present study, the effect of a 48 h exposure of the woodlouse Porcellio scaber to soil contaminated with one-tenth of the LD20 (96 h) dimethoate dose was quantified using computer-automated video tracking. Dimethoate-exposed woodlice were recorded for one night prior to dimethoate exposure and for two nights on contaminated soil. After a recovery period of 21 days, the woodlice were recorded for a further night. Control animals were recorded in parallel on soil treated with water. Over the 48 h of exposure, dimethoate induced a gradually increasing hyperactivity in terms of time spent in activity, mean velocity and path length and a suppression of turning rate when compared with controls. No recovery was seen after the 21 days on uncontaminated soil. These effects were statistically significant only in male woodlice.

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Metabolic changes induced by organophosphates in the piscine organs

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity by concomitantadministration of garlic aqueous extract in rat

Prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity by concomitantadministration of garlic aqueous extract in rat

Toxicity studies of nonylphenol and octylphenol: hormonal, hematological and biochemical effects inClarias gariepinus

Prolonged effects of the insecticide dimethoate on locomotor behaviour in the woodlouse, Porcellio scaber Latr. (isopoda)

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