Metabolic characteristics and oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress

Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Kikusato, Motoi; Maekawa, Taira; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Toyomizu, Masaaki

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.12.011

Cited by 204 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, acute heat stress (34°C) in chickens was shown to induce a significant production of ROS, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px [117]. On exposure to chronic heat stress, GSH-Px activity remained relatively constant, though a temperaturedependent elevation in Cu,Zn-SOD activity was observed in skeletal muscle of broiler chickens [118]. Chicken exposure to heat stress increased SOD activity and MDA levels in skeletal muscle and vitamin E or vitamin E+Se dietary supplementation further enhanced SOD activity in muscles in heat-stressed birds [119].…”

Section: Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

168

135

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Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.

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Section: Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

168

135

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“…These authors concluded that lower weight gain at high temperatures result from feed intake reduction, digestion inefficiency, and impaired metabolism. Azad et al (2010) also concluded that either chronic or cyclic heat stress could reduce body weight gain due to reductions in both feed consumption and feed efficiency.…”

Section: Effects Of Heat Stress On Broiler Chicken Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy reserve reduction takes place and the homeostatic efficiency balance of the body diminishes as the acclimatization mechanisms begin to fail. Different physiological responses may occur during heat stress and they depend on the intensity, severity, and duration of heat stress (Azad et al, 2010), thereby causing higher or lower levels of glucocorticoid release (Gonzalez-Esquerra and Leeson, 2006). These physiological responses are: changes in the functional integrity of the intestinal mucosa (Horn et al, 2009), body temperature increase (Marchini et al, 2007;Mitchell and Lemme, 2008), muscle degradation (Zuo et al, 2015), and increase in mortality rate (Estrada-Pareja et al, 2007) when high environmental temperatures coincide with the age to market (Arjona et al, 1988).…”

Section: Physiological Changes Induced By Heat Stress In Broilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes take place because heat stress can stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly superoxide formation and oxidative damage. Heat-induced ROS formation may be the cause of damages in the skeletal muscle (Azad et al, 2010). High temperatures also cause changes in energy, protein, and fat retention in the body, and cause physiological changes in the development of organs and carcass (Baldwin et al, 1980).…”

Section: Effects Of Heat Stress On Broiler Chicken Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, performance of birds subjected to heat stress is compromised by deficient intestinal development and diminished food intake. Furthermore, the strain caused by heat stress may affect broiler metabolism, cause oxidative stress, and increase superoxide production and malondialdehyde levels (Azad et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review

Marchini

Café

Araújo

et al. 2016

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review ¤ Fisiología, dinámica celular de la mucosa del intestino delgado y rendimiento de pollos de engorde sometidos a estrés calórico: revisión de literatura Fisiologia, dinâmica celular da mucosa do intestino delgado e desempenho de frangos de corte submetidos ao estresse pelo calor: revisão de literatura SummaryHigh room temperature reduces production efficiency of broiler chickens. Different factors contribute to this situation: fast growth, physiological variations, and changes in the small intestine mucosa. This review aims to define the concept of heat stress and its effects on several physiological aspects related to the development of the small intestine mucosa and the performance of broiler chickens. Heat stress triggers a corticosteroid increase and a circulating triiodothyronine hormone (T 3 ) reduction, increases respiratory frequency, which triggers respiratory alkalosis, diminishes food intake, and leads to changes in the cellular dynamics of the small intestine mucosa. These changes depend on animal genotype, intensity, and duration of the stressor. Acute heat stress leads to a reduction in enterocyte proliferation and also to a decrease in crypt depth, without affecting villus height or villus/crypt ratio. On the other hand, chronic stress diminishes villus height and jejunum weight. These changes affect the capacity of broilers to digest and absorb the nutrients required for maintenance and production. ResumenUna alta temperatura ambiente disminuye la eficiencia de la producción de pollos de engorde. Diversos factores contribuyen a esta situación: crecimiento rápido, cambios fisiológicos, y anomalías de la mucosa del intestino delgado. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue definir el concepto de estrés calórico y sus efectos sobre algunos aspectos de la fisiología, en el desarrollo de la mucosa del intestino delgado, y en el rendimiento de pollos de engorde. El estrés calórico desencadena un aumento de los niveles de corticosteroides, reducción de la hormona triyodotironina (T 3 ) circulante, aumento en la frecuencia respiratoria que resulta en alcalosis respiratoria, disminuye la ingesta de alimentos y provoca cambios en la dinámica celular de la mucosa del intestino delgado. Estos cambios dependen del genotipo del animal y de la intensidad y duración de la acción del factor estresante. El estrés calórico agudo causa una disminución en la proliferación de enterocitos, reducción de la profundidad de las criptas sin cambio en la altura de las vellosidades y en la relación vellosidades/cripta. Ya el estrés crónico disminuye la altura de las vellosidades y el peso del yeyuno. Estos cambios afectan la capacidad del pollo de engorde para digerir y absorber los nutrientes para su mantenimiento y producción. Palabras clave: corticoesteroides, hallazgos microscópicos, hallazgos morfológicos, proliferación de enterocitos, tracto gastrointestinal. ResumoA temperatura ambiente elevada diminu...

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Impact of Hot Environment on Nutrient Requirements

Bernabucci

2012

Environmental Physiology of Livestock

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Metabolic characteristics and oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress

Cited by 204 publications

References 20 publications

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review

Impact of Hot Environment on Nutrient Requirements

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