Metabolic Characteristics of Fibre Types in Human Skeletal Muscle

Essén, Birgitta; Jansson, Eva; Henriksson, Jan; Taylor, Albert W.; Saltin, Bengt

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1975.tb10038.x

Cited by 542 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…28 In human muscle, the oxidative enzyme activity of type I fibres was higher than type II fibres. 7 On the other hand, we and the other studies 29,30 showed that at least type IIA fibres had a higher SDH activity, which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme and an index of mitochondrial content, than type I fibres in rat muscles. It Muscle characteristics and body fat accumulation M Suwa et al was therefore reasonable to assume that the relationship between the muscle fibre composition and whole muscle oxidative capacity in humans did not correspond to that in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…6 The rank order of oxidative capacity in human muscle fibres is I > IIA > IIX. 7 In humans, the percentage of type I fibres has been shown to negatively correlate with percentage body fat. 1,4 The metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle fibre types might be one of the causes of the relationship between muscle fibre composition and body fat accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

Suwa

Kumagai

Higaki³

et al. 2002

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVES:To clarify whether the muscle fibre composition and=or muscle oxidative enzyme activity are related to dietary body weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation. METHODS: Genetically fast-twitch fibre dominant rats (FFDR) and control rats (CR) were divided into low-fat (20% of energy from fat) or high-fat (60% of energy from fat) diet groups: CR with a low-fat diet (CL); CR with a high-fat diet (CH); FFDR with a low-fat diet (FL); and FFDR with a high-fat diet (FH). After 6 weeks of following such diets, the body weight gain, abdominal fat content, food intake, muscle fibre composition and oxidative enzyme activities were estimated. RESULTS: The total body weight gain in CH was from 18 to 62% higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05) and percentage abdominal fat in CH was also from 26 to 61% higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05), while the energy intake did not differ among the groups. The percentage of type IIX fibres of M. gastrocnemius in FL (33.4%) and FH (36.3%) were higher than in CL (16.8%) and CH (19.8%; P < 0.05), and the type IIA fibres of M. soleus in FL (14.1%) and FH (11.8%) were higher than in CL (2.0%) and CH (3.5%; P < 0.05). The citrate synthase (CS) activity of of M. plantaris in FL and FH were higher than CL (46 and 54%, respectively, P < 0.05). b-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity in FL and FH were higher than in CL (21 and 31%, respectively, P < 0.05) and that in FH was higher than CH (23%, P < 0.05). On the other hand, the enzyme activities of M. gastrocnemius and soleus were identical among the groups. CONCLUSION: The FFDR was more obesity-resistant than the CR after a high-fat diet. These results suggest that the muscle oxidative capacity rather than muscle fibre composition is a possible determinant of obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

Suwa

Kumagai

Higaki³

et al. 2002

Int J Obes

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“…25 The metabolic characteristics of type IIa fibers are intermediate between type I and type IIb fibers. 13 Studies investigating the association between fiber type distribution and BP or occurrence of hypertension have, however, found the proportions of the main fiber types to be important, whereas the subclassification of type II fibers into IIa and IIb provides no additional information. 10,22,29,30 A limitation of the present study is that the subjects were not a randomly selected population sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Type I fibers have a higher oxidative capacity than type II fibers. 13 Muscle fiber-type proportions differ between elite athletes in various types of sports. Endurance sports athletes have a high type I%, but speed and power sports athletes have a preponderance of type II fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Muscle Fiber-Type Distribution as a Predictor of Blood Pressure

2005

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Abstract-The known association between physical activity and low blood pressure may be influenced by inherited characteristics. Skeletal muscle consists of type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers, with proportions highly variable between individuals and mostly determined by genetic factors. A high percentage of type I fibers (type I%) has been associated with low blood pressure in cross-sectional studies. We investigated whether type I percentage predicts future blood pressure levels and explains part of the association between physical activity and blood pressure. At baseline, in 1984, muscle fiber-type distribution, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) were determined in 64 healthy men (age, 32 to 58 years). At follow-up, in 2003, blood pressure, physical activity, and BMI were determined in these men. In subjects without antihypertensive medication (nϭ43), type I percentage accounted for 5%/18% of the variation in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. A high type I percentage predicted, independent of both baseline (in 1984) and follow-up (in 2003), physical activity, BMI, and low systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Adjusted for all baseline covariates, a 20-unit higher type I percentage predicted a 11.6-mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure (Pϭ0.018) and a 5.0-mm Hg lower diastolic blood pressure (Pϭ0.018). High levels of physical activity in 1984 predicted low diastolic blood pressure, but this association was lost when type I percentage was included into the model. A high proportion of type I fibers in skeletal muscle is an independent predictor of low blood pressure and explains part of the known association between high levels of physical activity and low blood pressure. Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ muscles H ypertension, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, 1,2 shortens life expectancy. 3,4 Low blood pressure (BP) levels and reduced risk for hypertension are associated with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and fitness. 5-8 These associations may, however, be influenced by inherited characteristics.BP is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. 9 Peripheral resistance, and thus also BP, is influenced by the properties of skeletal muscle, more specifically its percentage of type I fibers (type I%). 10 Skeletal muscle consists of type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers. The type I% in the vastus lateralis muscle (the muscle most commonly studied) is highly variable between individuals, ranging from 13% to 96%, with a population mean of Ϸ50%, 11 and is mostly determined by genetic factors. 12 Type I fibers have a higher oxidative capacity than type II fibers. 13 Muscle fiber-type proportions differ between elite athletes in various types of sports. Endurance sports athletes have a high type I%, but speed and power sports athletes have a preponderance of type II fibers. 14 -16 In nonathletes as well, high, mainly endurance-type, LTPA levels are associated with a high type I%. 17,18 Former e...

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“…Correlations have been shown between HSL content and IMTG storage and the oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle types. 20 HSL activity is increased two-fold in humans in response to moderate-low-intensity exercise. 21 HSL protein expression is greater in oxidative as compared to glycolytic muscle fibres.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Imtg Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lipotoxicity: the obese and endurance-trained paradox

Russell

2004

Int J Obes

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The potential lipotoxic effect of intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) accumulation has been suggested to be a major component in the development of insulin resistance. Increased levels of IMTGs correlate with insulin resistance in both obese and diabetic patients, but this relationship does not exist in endurance trained (ETr) subjects. This may be, in part, related to differences in the gene expression and activities of key enzymes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation as well as in the perodixation status of the IMTGs in obese/diabetic patients as compared with ETr subjects. Disruptions in fat and lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle have been shown to activate protein kinase C (PKC), which acts on several downstream signalling pathways, including the insulin and the IkB kinase (IKK)/NFkB signalling pathways. Additionally, an increased peroxidation of IMTGs may reduce insulin sensitivity by increasing TNFa, which is known to increase the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling proteins (SOCS). A common characteristic observed when activating both PKC and TNFa/SOCS3 is the inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and subsequently an inhibition of its activation of downstream signalling molecules. These may be important players in the development of insulin resistance and understanding their activation and expression in both obese and ETr humans should assist in understanding how and why IMTGs become lipotoxic.

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Metabolic Characteristics of Fibre Types in Human Skeletal Muscle

Cited by 542 publications

References 22 publications

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

Muscle Fiber-Type Distribution as a Predictor of Blood Pressure

Lipotoxicity: the obese and endurance-trained paradox

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