“…NMR spectroscopy plays important and multifaceted roles that have benefited and continue to benefit the field of metabolomics. These include biomarker discovery [51,259,260,261,262], kinetic and mechanistic metabolic studies [263,264,265,266,267], metabolite imaging [268,269,270], food and beverage characterization [271,272,273,274], environmental monitoring [275,276,277], and drug toxicity studies [278,279,280,281,282,283,284]. The unique characteristics of NMR, including its high level of reproducibility, its simplicity in sample preparation, its capacity to handle diverse sample types (liquids, solids, gels), its quantitative capabilities, and its utility in identifying unknown metabolites along with its nondestructive nature, have made it particularly useful in many diverse metabolomic disciplines.…”